Petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in eight mollusc species along Tamilnadu coast, Bay of Bengal, India

Eight mollusc species and sediment samples collected from three different stations along Tamilnadu coast, Bay of Bengal, India were analysed for the levels of petroleum hydrocarbons to elucidate the status of the petroleum residues in mollusc meant for human consumption. The concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments along Tamilnadu coast varied from 5.04–25.5 g/g dw (dry weight). High concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in the sediment of Uppanar estuary (25.5 1.45 g/g dw) was perhaps land and marine based anthropogenic sources of this region. The petroleum hydrocarbon residues in eight mollusc species collected from Uppanar, Vellar and Coleroon estuaries varied between 2.44–6.04 g/g ww (wet weight). Although the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediment of the Uppanar region was markedly higher than the background, the petroleum hydrocarbon residues in mollusc collected from Uppanar estuary did not suggest bioaccumulation. The results signified that industrial growth has affected the aquatic environments and regular monitoring will help to adopt stringent pollution control measures for better management of the aquatic region.     

Chemical cleaning of fouled PVC membrane during ultrafiltration of algal-rich water

Cleaning of hollow-fibre polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane with di erent chemical reagents after ultrafiltration of algal-rich water was investigated. Among the tested cleaning reagents (NaOH, HCl, EDTA, and NaClO), 100 mg/L NaClO exhibited the best performance (88.4% 1.1%) in removing the irreversible fouling resistance. This might be attributed to the fact that NaClO could eliminate almost all the major foulants such as carbohydrate-like and protein-like materials on the membrane surface, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. However, negligible irreversible resistance (1.5% 1.0%) was obtained when the membrane was cleaning by 500 mg/L NaOH for 1.0 hr, although the NaOH solution could also desorb a portion of the major foulants from the fouled PVC membrane. Scanning electronic microscopy and atomic force microscopy analyses demonstrated that 500 mg/L NaOH could change the structure of the residual foulants on the membrane, making them more tightly attached to the membrane surface. This phenomenon might be responsible for the negligible membrane permeability restoration after NaOH cleaning. On the other hand, the microscopic analyses reflected that NaClO could e ectively remove the foulants accumulated on the membrane surface.     

大有希望的新能源——可燃冰

作为公认的可行性传统能源替代品,可燃冰的开采利用日益明朗化,这让人们有理由期待和见证新能源应用领域的又一里程碑。引"冰"取火前景广阔可燃冰是天然气水合物的俗称,它既指天然气与水在高压低温条件下形成的类冰状、笼形结晶化合物,也包括那些由天然气与水在同样环境下     

开放源类物料中微粒子排放估算模型的建立

利用实验室微粒子控制模拟试验装置,采用开放源类粉体物料自由下落溢出随机粉尘的实验研究方法,研究了济南市开放源类粉体物料自由下落过程中微粒子排放规律;在一定动力因素条件下,探讨了物料种类、粒度组成,物料含水率,环境空气湿度,自由下落中质量流量等因素对物料排放率的影响;通过数学归纳和模型化处理,建立了开放源类粉体物料自由下落过程中大气微粒子排放估算的数学模型;通过对实验数据进行回归分析后认为,粒径、含水率是对排放率影响最大的因素,质量流量是对排放率影响最小的因素。经试验验证,计算值与试验值基本一致。所获结论,对开放源类物料在转运、装卸、堆放等操作过程中大气微粒子的排放估算和综合防治具有重要的参考价值。     

地表水中石油类的测定及探讨

文章对影响地表水中石油类测定结果的因素进行探讨。通过克服这些影响因素,提高测定结果的准确性。并由实验证明,直接萃取法的检出限也能达到0.01 mg/L,满足这类低浓度石油类水样的测定。     

氧化亚铜类Fenton氧化降解染料活性艳蓝KN-R的研究

氧化亚铜(Cu2O)与H2O2组成的类Fenton体系能很好的氧化降解印染废水中的有机物.实验用Cu2O类Fenton氧化降解染料活性艳蓝KN-R,研究表明,Cu2O类Fenton能很好的氧化降解染料活性艳蓝KN-R.在KN-R的溶液初始pH值为2,水浴温度为50℃的条件下,用0.429 g Cu2O(0.3 mmol)和0.1 mL、质量分数为30%的H2O2处理50 mL、质量浓度为100mg/L的KN-R溶液1 h,其脱色率为95.09%,TOC去除率为56.38%.     

基于基本物理指标的饱和砂类土液化评价方法的通用性∗

基于基本物理指标的饱和砂类土液化评价方法,包括等效骨架孔隙比的确定及液化强度参数预测公式,理论上已经被证实是有效的,但其通用性和敏感性尚需检验。通过独立试验数据,验证该液化评价方法的适用性和可靠性,分析试样尺寸、制样方法、液化判别标准、测试方法以及试验人员熟练程度等因素对预测准确性的影响,并探讨细粒影响系数b值确定方法对拟合参数及预测误差的影响。结果表明:基于基本物理指标的饱和砂类土液化评价方法适用于不同地域的砂类土的液化评价;试验条件差异略微增大评价方法的预测误差,但液化强度最大预测误差小于21%,且有50%的液化强度预测误差小于10%。b值的确定方法对液化强度预测的准确性影响较小,呈现出较低敏感性。     

废弃采石场作为一般工业固体废物填埋场址探析

从城市工业固体废物消纳和废弃采石场作为填埋处置场地的角度出发,对利用废弃采石场作为第Ⅰ类一般工业固体废物填埋场场址条件进行探讨,通过广州市地区实例说明利用废弃采石场选址作为第Ⅰ类一般工业固废填埋场址的可用性,这对未来废弃采石场的综合利用具有一定的借鉴意义。     

浅谈建筑类项目合理用能评估

1合理用能评估的目的 我国经济快速增长．各项建设取得巨大成就．但也付出了巨大的资源和环境代价。经济发展与资源环境的矛盾日趋尖锐,人们对环境污染问题反映强烈．这种状况与经济结构不合理、增长方式粗放直接相关。如不加快调整经济结构、转变增长方式．资源将支撑不住。环境将容纳不下,社会将承受不起,经济发展将难以为继。只有坚持节约发展、     

如何降低二恶英类摄入量

由于二恶英毒性极强,而摄人人体又较难排出,因此国际机构所建议的人体每日允许摄入量（Tolerable daily in take,TDI）极低。1998年5月,世界卫生组织（WHO）根据动物实验和人群流行病学研究结果,将人体的TDI从原来的10皮克,千克体重降低为1—4皮克,千克体重（1皮克为千亿分之一克）。世界卫生组织的报告称,90％以上的二恶英类摄入是来自饮食,