建筑垃圾渗滤液实验室模拟研究

利用垃圾柱在实验室模拟降雨条件下,对建筑垃圾渗滤液的产生量、pH、TOC、COD、Cl-、SO42-、可溶性Fe、总硬度等指标进行了长达440d的连续监测,分析了各指标的变化趋势,讨论了渗滤液可能对填埋场(或堆场)周边环境可能造成的危害。结果表明,建筑垃圾渗滤液在填埋3a后,除总硬度外,其它指标均可达到地下水及地表水Ⅲ类标准,如注意填埋场的选址,仅需对填埋场初期渗滤液进行处理即可直接排放。     

光化学溶解氧传感器的开发与其在环境测量方面的应用

从对水环境分析要素DO、COD、BOD等的测定、对微生物等生命体呼吸活性的观测等需求出发,通过对激发态钌、铂等络合物遇氧后荧光减弱的消光特性研究,开发并制作出新型光化学传感器,从而实现对溶解氧浓度的测定。     

有机物对UF膜过滤通量的影响

采用截留分子量为30000的聚醚砜超滤膜进行膜过滤试验,研究有机物的特性,如亲疏水性以及相对分子质量对超滤膜通量的影响.试验结果表明,过滤亲水性组分时膜通量明显高于过滤疏水性组分.对2种不同水源的试验表明,尽管有机物含量相同,但由于亲疏水性的比例不同,造成的膜通量下降不同.疏水性越大的原水,其膜通量下降也越大.因此,疏水性组分是造成通量下降的主要因素.试验还表明,相对分子质量较大的有机物并非通量下降的主要因素,有机物的分散性可能是影响通量的主要因素.     

Effect of leachate recycling and inoculation on the biochemical characteristics of municipal refuse in landfill bioreactors

Activity development of key groups of enzymes involved in municipal refuse decomposition was measured in laboratory landfill bioreactors with and without leachate recycling and inoculation for about 210 days.The results showed that the enzymes(amylase,protease,cellulase,lipase and pectinase)were present in fresh refuse but at low values and positively affected by leachate recycling and refuse inoculation.The total average of cellulase activity in digesters D3 operated with leachate recycling but no inoculation,D4 and D5 operated with leachate recyling and inoculation was much higher than that in digesters D1 and D2 without leachate recycling and inoculation by 88%-127%,117%-162%and 64%-98%.The total average of protease activity was higher in digester D4 than that in digesters D1,D2,D3and D5 by 63%,39%,24%and 24%,respectively,and the positive effect of leachate recycling and inoculation on protease activity of landfilled refuse mainly was at the first two months.The total average of amylase activity was higher in digesters D3,D4 and D5 than that in digesters D1 and D2 by 83%-132%,96%-148%and 81%-129%.During the early phase of incubation,the stimulatory effect of inoculation on lipase activity was measured,but refuse moisture was the main factor affecting lipase activity of landfilled refuse.The inoculation,initial and continuous inoculation of microorganisms existing in leachate,was the mainly stimulatory factor affecting pectinase activity of landfilled refuse.     

试论ASM水质特性参数测定方法

综述了活性污泥数学模型的相应理论及发展历程.主要介绍了广泛应用的ASM模型,并详细介绍了模型中的水质特性参数(Ss、S1、Xs、X1)的各种测定方法.     

热、电、煤气三联产技术及三联产煤制气的推广应用前景

介绍热、电、煤气三联产煤气的产生过程、特性及影响其产率及品质的因素,提出了该种煤气的生产应用指标,并对其推广前景进行了分析.     

水利工程不能只言利不言弊

人类和水打交道的历史,大致可分为三个阶段。首先是“无能为力”和“力不从心”的阶段,面对滔滔洪水或赤地千里的大灾难,只能逃荒或死亡。随着生产力和科技的发展,人们兴修水利工程,要管住水、利用水,进入到“改造自然”的阶段。人们修堤筑坝建库、修渠道、开运河、建电厂,发挥防洪、灌溉、供水、通航、发电等效益,这阶段还没有结束。但在取得巨大成绩的同时,也有失误,受到大自然的报复,甚至留下不可弥补的遗憾。     

Production of laccase by Coriolus versicolor and its application in decolorization of dyestuffs : (Ⅰ) Production of laccase by batch and repeated-batch processes

The production of laccase by Coriolus versicolor was studied.The effect of cultivation on laccase production by Coriolus versicolor was examined to obtain optimal medium and cultivation conditions.Both batch and repeated-batch processes were performed for laccase production.In repeated-batch fermentation with self-immobilized mycelia, total of 14 cycles were performed with laccase activity in the range between 3.4 and 14.8U/ml.     

汞铬砷元素污染土壤的酶监测研究

对西安污灌区和杨凌清灌区土样７种酶生进行了测定，结果显示：污灌土样中重金属含量较高；土壤理化性质的差异反映出土壤对酶保护能力和对重金属缓冲容量的大小，因而不同土壤酶对重金属的敏感性随土样理化性质有明显差别；酶活性由于是土样理化性质和重金属共同作用的结果，因而较好地表现了土壤的污染状况；主成分分析表明，总体酶活性值可表征土样的污染状况，采用酶活性构筑的土壤信息系统Ｉ能简便、快速、准确的反映土壤的污染     

酚标准溶液的稳定性实验

探讨了稳定性评价的方法原理，对国家标准所的酚标准溶液，进行了开瓶后的稳定性实验。结果表明，酚标准溶液在开瓶后一个月内仍然保护良好的稳写状态。