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971.
奥运时段北京及近周边区域空气污染观测与比对分析 总被引:9,自引:5,他引:4
为研究奥运时段北京与近周边区域空气质量的相互影响,评价区域污染源协同减排对奥运时段北京空气质量的作用,寻求北京空气污染预警的有效途径,2008-06-01~2008-10-03在北京奥运村以及近周边的河北涿州、廊坊、香河、燕郊进行了空气污染联网观测.结果表明,夏秋季节北京和近周边首要污染物均为颗粒物,北京和周边可吸入颗粒物(PM10)平均质量浓度分别为(114±66)μg/m3和(128±59)μg/m3;细粒子(PM2.5)质量浓度则分别为(77±47)μg/m3和(81±51)μg/m3;臭氧质量浓度小时最大值的平均分别为(164±52)μg/m3和(165±55)μg/m3;NOx分别为(58±23)μg/m3和(25±14)μg/m3.相对于6月,奥运会时段(8月8日~8月24日)北京地区PM10、PM2.5、O3、NOx的浓度分别下降69%、62%、18%和41%,残奥会时段(9月6日~9月17日)PM10、PM2.5、O3、NOx的浓度分别下降56%、49%、17%和16%.北京大气中细粒子浓度受周边影响严重,而NOx有向周边扩散的潜势,夏季臭氧则表现出区域污染的特征.结合气象要素分析表明,近周边区域联网观测,有助于北京空气质量预警研究,并可为区域协同防控空气污染提供科学支撑. 相似文献
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974.
纳米γ-Al2O3去除氟离子的机理及行为研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了纳米γ-Al2O3吸附剂对氟离子的吸附行为,考查了吸附平衡时间、温度、溶液的pH等对吸附过程的影响.结果表明,在室温下,纳米γ-Al2O3对氟离子的吸附在3min基本达到平衡;在pH3~9范围内,吸附率达95%以上;吸附过程符合准二级反应动力学模型,其反应的表观活化能(Ea)为10.99kJ.mol-1;颗粒内扩散过程是吸附的主要控制步骤,而颗粒外扩散过程对吸附也有影响;吸附过程符合Langmuir、D-R等温模型,常温下,纳米γ-Al2O3对氟离子的平均吸附能为11.15kJ.mol-1.吸附反应的ΔGθ<0,ΔHθ>0,说明该吸附过程是自发的吸热反应.共存阴离子HCO3-和PO43-、阳离子Cu2+对氟离子的吸附影响较大.纳米γ-Al2O3在动态和静态吸附实验中的除氟效果相近. 相似文献
975.
Activity and stability of 1%Pd-0.2%Pt/Al2O3 and 1%Pd-0.2%Pt/0.6%Ce/Al2O3 catalysts prepared by impregnation method for catalytic combustion of methane in air were investigated. The catalysts before and after reaction were characterized by BET, CO chemisorption, XRD and XPS techniques. Results showed that the presence of Ce significantly increased the activity and thermal stability of the Pd-Pt/Al2O3 catalyst towards methane combustion, which could be attributed to more highly-dispersed active PdO particles over the Pd-Pt/Ce/Al2O3 catalyst surface as well as the retarded sintering of PdO and the maintained oxidized state of surface Pd during the combustion process in the presence of Ce. 相似文献
976.
Tatoba R. Waghmode Mayur B. Kurade Anuradha N. Kagalkar Sanjay P. Govindwar 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(7):1295-1304
The present work aims to evaluate Brown 3 REL degrading potential of developed microbial consortium GG-BL using two microbial cultures, Galactomyces geotrichum MTCC 1360 (GG) and Brevibacillus laterosporus MTCC 2298 (BL). Microbial consortium GG-BL showed 100% decolorization of a dye Brown 3 REL, while individually G. geotrichum MTCC 1360 and B. laterosporus MTCC 2298 showed 26% and 86% decolorization under aerobic condition (shaking) respectively. Measurements of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (76%) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (68%) were done after decolorization by consortium GG-BL. No induction in activities of oxidoreductive enzymes found in G. geotrichum while B. laterosporus showed induction of veratryl alcohol oxidase, Nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide-dichlorophenol indophenol (NADH-DCIP) reductase and riboflavin reductase indicating their role in dye metabolism. Consortium GG-BL showed induction in the activities of laccase, veratryl alcohol oxidase, tyrosinase, NADH-DCIP reductase and riboflavin reductase. Two different sets of induced enzymes from G. geotrichum and B. laterosporus work together in consortium GG-BL resulting in faster degradation of dye. The degradation of Brown 3 REL was analyzed using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Phytotoxicity study revealed that metabolites formed after degradation was significantly less toxic in nature. 相似文献
977.
Eshraq Ahmed Abdullah Abdul Halim Abdullah Zulkarnain Zainal Mohd Zobir Hussein Tan Kar Ban 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(10):1876-1884
A modified hydrophilic penta-bismuth hepta-oxide nitrate (Bi5O7NO3) surface was synthesized via a precipitation method using TiO2 and Ag as modified agents. The synthesized product was characterized by different analytical techniques. The removal efficiency was evaluated using mono-and di-sulphonated azo dyes as model pollutants. Different kinetic, isotherm and diffusion models were chosen to describe the adsorption process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results revealed no noticeable differences in the chemical states of modified adsorbent when compared to pure Bi5O7NO3;however, the presence of hydrophilic centres such as TiO2 and Ag developed positively charged surface groups and improved its adsorption performance to a wide range of azo dyes. Dyes removal was found to be a function of adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, solution pH and temperature. The reduction of Langmuir 1,2-mixed order kinetics to the second or first-order kinetics could be successfully used to describe the adsorption of dyes onto the modified adsorbent. Mass transfer can be described by intra-particle diffusion at a certain stage, but it was not the rate limiting step that controlled the adsorption process. Homogenous behavior of adsorbent surface can be explored by applying Langmuir isotherm to fit the adsorption data. 相似文献
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979.
文章分析了当前我国环境应急监测的现状,阐述了在环境应急监测中加强信息技术应用的重要性和必要性,介绍了视频监控技术的发展演变过程以及网络视频监控技术在环境应急监测中的优势,提出了基于3G网络视频监控技术的环境应急监测系统,主要由前端视频采集、3G传输网络、指挥中心、监控客户端等四部分组成,可以将事故现场的视频监控信号快速发送至各级指挥中心,提高应急处置效率。 相似文献
980.