Decomposition kinetics of dimethyl methylphospate(chemical agent simulant) by supercritical water oxidation

Supercritical water oxidation （SCWO） has been drawing much attention due to effectively destroy a large variety of high-risk wastes resulting from munitions demilitarization and complex industrial chemical. An important design consideration in the development of supercritical water oxidation is the information of decomposition rate. In this paper, the decomposition rate of dimethyl methylphosphonate（DMMP）, which is similar to the nerve agent VX and GB（Sarin） in its structure, was investigated under SCWO conditions. The experiments were performed in an isothermal tubular reactor with a H2O2 as an oxidant. The reaction temperatures were ranged from 398 to 633℃ at a fixed pressure of 24 MPa. The conversion of DMMP was monitored by analyzing total organic carbon （TOC） on the liquid effluent samples. It is found that the oxidative decomposition of DMMP proceeded rapidly and a high TOC decomposition up to 99.99% was obtained within 11 s at 555℃. On the basis of data derived from experiments, a global kinetic equation for the decomposition of DMMP was developed. The model predictions agreed well with the experimental data.     

Study of control strategy and simulation in anoxic-oxic nitrogen removal process

The control strategy and simulation of external carbon addition were specially studied in an anoxic-oxic(A/O) process with low carbon: nitrogen(C/N) domestic wastewater. The control strategy aimed to adjust the flow rate of external carbon dosage to the anoxic zone, thus the concentration of nitrate plus nitrite(NOx^- -N) in the anoxic zone was kept closed to the set point. The relationship was studied between the NOx^- -N concentration in the anoxic zone(SNo) and the dosage of external carbon, and the results showed that the removal efficiency of the total nitrogen(TN) could not be largely improved by double dosage of carbon source when SNO reached about 2 mg/L. Through keeping SNO at the level of about 2 mg/L, the demand of effluent quality could be met and the carbon dosage could be optimized. Based on the Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM No. 1), a simplified mathematical model of external carbon dosage was developed, Simulation results showed that PI controller and feed-forward PI controller both had good dynamic response and steady precision. And feed-forward PI controller had better control effects due to its consideration of influent disturbances.     

上海冬季大气可吸入颗粒物的PIXE研究

为了研究上海冬季大气气溶胶颗粒物的化学特征,2001年12月～2002年1月使用TEOM1400型和2100型空气采样器,采集了市区和郊区19个有代表性采样点的PM2.5和PM10样品.使用质子激发X射线荧光分析方法(PIXE)测定颗粒物中近20种元素.结果发现,除了Ti和P等元素外,绝大多数元素的平均浓度是市区高于郊区.不同采样点的PM2.5/PM10范围为0.32～0.85,平均值为0.60±0.16.富集因子分析表明,上海大气可吸入颗粒物中的元素来源可以分为地壳元素和人为污染元素2类,S、As、Pb、Ni、Mn、Se等污染元素更趋于富集在直径小于2.5μm的细颗粒物中.     

多元素分析器分析砷遇到的问题与方法改进

依据新银盐分光光度法的基本原理,使用多元素分析器准确测定水体中砷的含量会遇到一些问题,如砷标准使用液浓度,吸收液配制,U型管DMF混合液加入量,脱脂棉装入U型管松紧程度,反应水样酸度,反应/吸收装置的致密性和一致性以及使用玻璃器皿的洗涤等,如果这些操作步骤不当都会给测定结果带来一定的误差,为了尽量减少这些误差,分析者对该项目测定方法作了一些探讨和改进,收到了良好的成效.     

象山港颗粒有机碳的分布及其影响因子

研究了夏季象山港海区颗粒有机碳(POC)的时空变化特征及其与海水理化因子的关系.POC含量6月最低,平均为0.68 mg/L,7月最高,平均为1.58 mg/L,8月居中,平均为1.11 mg/L.结果表明,POC空间分布很不稳定,呈港内向港外逐渐递减的趋势.影响POC分布的主要影响因子为:水温、pH、chla和盐度,其对POC含量变化的贡献率分别为30.31、23.17、17.96和11.40.     

中下扬子铁帽型金矿氧化剖面及成矿地球化学

铁帽型金矿床氧化剖面自上而下可划分为贫金铁帽亚带、次生金富集铁帽亚带、氧化物-硫化物过渡亚带、原生硫化物亚带。氧化作用诸阶段的主要元素、微量元素、稀土元素、Eh-pH值皆有一定的规律性变化,并与次生金的迁移富集过程具有明显的相关性。     

泸沽湖沉积物α纤维素的提取及其稳定碳同位素研究初探

湖泊沉积是环境气候变化的敏感指示器 ,在沉积过程中有机大分子α纤维素不易发生降解 ,其碳链上的C、H、O原子也不会与外界发生交换 ,故沉积物α纤维素的碳同位素能真实地反映原始环境信息。湖泊沉积物中的α纤维素含量少 ,笔者经过反复条件试验 ,得出了从湖泊沉积物提取α纤维素的简便可行的方法。泸沽湖是云贵高原上一半封闭湖泊 ,湖区人为活动干扰较微弱 ,该湖对环境变化敏感。笔者提取了泸沽湖沉积物柱的α纤维素 ,并研究了其碳同位素 ,结果表明 ,α纤维素碳同位素灵敏、精确地反映了该湖一百年来的环境信息 :泸沽湖沉积物有机质以内生为主 ;气候变化趋势为冷—暖—冷—暖。     

金属氧化物直接分解CO2成C的活性分析

复各种类型的简简单和复合金属氧化物在Ｈ２还原活性化前后分解ＣＯ２成Ｃ活的性试验的结果，决定金属氧化物分解ＣＯ２活性的因素是氧缺位程度石结构及其含铁相。     

气体碳氮共渗中HCN的伴生与消除

探讨了热处理气氛中碳氮共渗技术中ＨＣＮ的伴生与消除，进行了六种渗剂在工艺炉温条件下排气中ＨＣＮ含量的检测．结果表明：各种条件下均有ＨＣＮ产生，其含量在４１．２３～１４９．４２ｍｇ／ｍ３范围内变化，远远超过国家排放标准．采用自行设计制作的一台吸收破氰装置，处理后，排气中ＨＣＮ低于ＴＪ３６－７９０．３ｍｇ／ｍ３．