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991.
Yingwu Wang Qiang Lin Chi Wang Kai Li Xin Sun Xin Song Yangyan Gao Ping Ning 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(6):277-287
This work explored the influences of the drying and calcination temperatures on a Ce-Cu-Al trimetallic composite catalyst for the simultaneous removal of H2S and PH3. The effects of both temperatures on the structural features and activity were examined. The density functional theory method was used to calculate adsorption energies and further analyze their adsorption behavior on different slabs. Experiments revealed suitable drying and calcination temperatures to be 60 and 500°C, respectively. The capacity reached 323.8 and 288.1 mg/g. Adjusting drying temperature to 60°C is more inclined to form larger and structured grains of CuO. Rising calcinating temperature to 500°C could increase the grain size and redox capacity of CuO to promote performance. Higher temperatures would destroy the surface structure and lead to a crystal phase transformation, which was that the CuO and Al2O3 were gradually recombined into CuAl2O4 with a spinel structure. The exposed crystal planes of surficial CuO and CuAl2O4 were determined according to characterization results. Calculation results showed that, compared with CuO (111), H2S and PH3 have weaker adsorption strength on CuAl2O4 (100) which is not conducive to their adsorption and removal. 相似文献
992.
Yuanyuan Song Lifang Zhao Zenghua Qi Yanhao Zhang Guodong Cao Ruijin Li Lin Zhu Zhu Yang Chuan Dong Zongwei Cai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(7):64-70
Simulation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is essential for evaluating adverse health effects. In this work, an ambient exposure system that mimicked real atmospheric conditions was installed in Taiyuan, China to study impacts of chronic PM2.5 exposure on adult and aged mice as well as Sirtuin3 knockout (Sirt3 KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice. The real-ambient exposure system eliminated the possible artificial effects caused from exposure experiments and maintained the physiochemical characteristics of PM2.5. The case studies indicated that aged mice exhibited apparent heart dysfunction involving increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure after 17-week of real-ambient PM2.5 exposure. Meanwhile, 15-week of real-ambient PM2.5 exposure decreased the heart rate and amounts of associated catecholamines to induce heart failure in Sirt3 KO mice. Additionally, the increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased platelet related indices suggested that inflammation occurred. The changes of biomarkers detected by targeted metabolomics confirmed metabolic disorder in WT and Sirt3 KO mice after exposed to real-ambient PM2.5. These results indicated that the real-ambient PM2.5 exposure system could evaluate the risks of certain diseases associated with air pollution and have great potential for supporting the investigations of PM2.5 effects on other types of rodent models. 相似文献
993.
Yasong Li Shasha Yin Shijie Yu Ling Bai Xudong Wang Xuan Lu Shuangliang Ma 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(1):354-368
In this study, we conducted an observation experiment from May 1 to June 30, 2018 in Zhengzhou, a major city in central China, where ground ozone (O3) pollution has become serious in recent years. The concentrations of O3 and its precursors, as well as H2O2 and meteorological data were obtained from the urban site (Yanchang, YC), suburban (Zhengzhou University, ZZU) and background sites (Ganglishuiku, GLSK). Result showed that the rates of O3 concentration exceeded Chinese National Air Quality Standard Grade II (93.3 ppbv) were 59.0%, 52.5%, and 55.7% at the above three sites with good consistency, respectively, indicating that O3 pollution is a regional problem in Zhengzhou. The daily peak O3 appeared at 15:00–16:00, which was opposite to VOCs, NOx, and CO and consistent with H2O2. The exhaustive statistical analysis of meteorological factors and chemical effects on O3 formation at YC was advanced. The high concentration of precursors, high temperature, low relative humidity, and moderately high wind speed together with the wind direction dominated by south and southeast wind contribute to urban O3 episodes in Zhengzhou. O3 formation analysis showed that reactive alkenes such as isoprene and cis-2-butene contributed most to O3 formation. The VOCs/NOx ratio and smog production model were used to determine O3-VOC-NOx sensitivity. The O3 formation in Zhengzhou during early summer was mainly under VOC-limited and transition regions alternately, which implies that the simultaneous emission reduction of alkenes and NOx is effective in reducing O3 pollution in Zhengzhou. 相似文献
994.
Yao Xiao Honghong Lyu Chengliang Yang Beibei Zhao Lan Wang Jingchun Tang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(5):93-107
In order to enhance the removal performance of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) on organic pollutant, a simultaneous process of adsorption and photocatalysis was achieved via the compounding of biochar and g-C3N4. In this study, g-C3N4 was obtained by a condensation reaction of melamine at 550°C. Then the g-C3N4/biochar composites were synthesized by ball milling biochar and g-C3N4 together, which was considered as a simple, economical, and green strategy. The characterization of resulting g-C3N4/biochar suggested that biochar and g-C3N4 achieved effective linkage. The adsorption and photocatalytic performance of the composites were evaluated with enrofloxacin (EFA) as a model pollutant. The result showed that all the g-C3N4/biochar composites displayed higher adsorption and photocatalytic performance to EFA than that of pure g-C3N4. The 50% g-C3N4/biochar performed best and removed 45.2% and 81.1% of EFA (10 mg/L) under darkness and light with a dosage of 1 mg/mL, while g-C3N4 were 19.0% and 27.3%, respectively. Besides, 50% g-C3N4/biochar showed the highest total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency (65.9%). Radical trapping experiments suggested that superoxide radical (?O2?) and hole (h+) were the main active species in the photocatalytic process. After 4 cycles, the composite still exhibited activity for catalytic removal of EFA. 相似文献
995.
安飞 《安全.健康和环境》2021,21(1):13-15
为快速检测H2S泄漏,以一步水热法制备的Fe2O3纳米棒为基础,制备了H2S气体传感器。研究表明,该传感器在300℃工作温度下对10μmol/mol的H2S的灵敏度为2左右,响应时间为12s左右,恢复时间约4s。而且该传感器具有优异的稳定性和选择性,对CH4、CO等多种气体响应较差,适合用于长时间快速检测H2S气体的泄漏。 相似文献
996.
流域碳循环是全球碳循环的重要组成部分,也是研究的热点,但是目前对于高原流域碳循环的认识仍然不足。白龙江流域位于青藏高原东缘,是研究高原流域碳循环的理想地区之一。为了研究白龙江流域河流水体中溶解有机碳(DOC)的空间分布特征、来源及其影响因素,我们对白龙江流域河流水体进行了系统的空间序列采样并对河流水体水温、p H、电导率(EC)、DOC浓度、DOC的稳定碳同位素组成(δ~(13)C_(DOC))及紫外-可见光吸收光谱特征等进行测试分析。分析结果显示,白龙江流域DOC浓度为0.4~4.1 mg/L,平均值为1.4 mg/L,δ~(13)C_(DOC)变化范围为-27.2‰~-26.2‰。研究结果表明白龙江源区高海拔区域DOC含量在全流域内最高,自源区至下游,DOC含量逐渐降低,干流中、下游DOC浓度值基本相同,南部DOC含量由上游支流至下游支流逐渐减少。白龙江流域DOC含量与土壤有机碳含量和α(254)之间明显的正相关性,以及δ~(13)C_(DOC)的分布范围等,均表明DOC主要来源于以C3植物为主的陆源有机质,其空间分布受到海拔(温度)和土地利用控制。 相似文献
997.
我国陕西省榆林市、甘肃省白银市、辽宁省抚顺市及四川省古蔺县等地区,依托丰富的铜、煤炭、天然气等矿产资源带动了当地经济的快速发展。然而,对资源的过度依赖和开发,使地方经济无可回避地面临"资源诅咒"和"生态赤字"问题。本文在界定"资源诅咒"和"生态赤字"概念,及其产生的经济学根源的基础上,对"榆林市"、"白银市"等典型资源型城市的"生态赤字"现状予以分析,提出基于"3E系统模型"视角下,解决资源型城市"资源诅咒"和"生态赤字"问题,实现地方经济可持续发展的路径选择。 相似文献
998.
为分析PM2.5-O3复合污染数值响应关系,基于2015~2020年北京市空气质量数据、气象资料和新冠疫情数据,分析PM2.5-O3复合污染事件在多尺度下的变化趋势.同时提出一种复合污染指数,在广义相加模型下分析数值响应趋势,并进一步引入分布滞后非线性模型,分别解析复合污染指数、复合污染事件和影响因素间的滞后响应关系.结果表明,北京市PM2.5-O3复合污染事件逐年减少,具有明显的季节效应、星期效应和节假日效应.复合污染指数与降雨量无明显相关性,与O3和空气温度呈线性正相关,与其余解释变量均为非线性相关.同时大气污染物和气象条件对复合污染指数有明显滞后效应,滞后影响主要集中在1~3 d.高值的PM2.5、 PM10、 O3、 SO2和空气温度明显增加复合污染风险,中值段的CO(1~6 mg·m-3)、 NO2 相似文献
999.
1000.
JANINE BOLLIGER THOMAS C. EDWARDS JR. STEFAN EGGENBERG SASCHA ISMAIL IRMI SEIDL FELIX KIENAST 《Conservation biology》2011,25(3):567-576
Abstract: Abandonment of agricultural land has resulted in forest regeneration in species‐rich dry grasslands across European mountain regions and threatens conservation efforts in this vegetation type. To support national conservation strategies, we used a site‐selection algorithm (MARXAN) to find optimum sets of floristic regions (reporting units) that contain grasslands of high conservation priority. We sought optimum sets that would accommodate 136 important dry‐grassland species and that would minimize forest regeneration and costs of management needed to forestall predicted forest regeneration. We did not consider other conservation elements of dry grasslands, such as animal species richness, cultural heritage, and changes due to climate change. Optimal sets that included 95–100% of the dry grassland species encompassed an average of 56–59 floristic regions (standard deviation, SD 5). This is about 15% of approximately 400 floristic regions that contain dry‐grassland sites and translates to 4800–5300 ha of dry grassland out of a total of approximately 23,000 ha for the entire study area. Projected costs to manage the grasslands in these optimum sets ranged from CHF (Swiss francs) 5.2 to 6.0 million/year. This is only 15–20% of the current total estimated cost of approximately CHF30–45 million/year required if all dry grasslands were to be protected. The grasslands of the optimal sets may be viewed as core sites in a national conservation strategy. 相似文献