公路项目施工期环评要点分析

本文首先介绍公路项目施工期环评的现实意义,之后阐述公路项目施工期环评要点,以此强化公路项目施工期环评水平及其环保效益。     

地表水环境遥感监测关键技术与系统

本文主要是围绕地表水环境遥感检测展开讨论,全面介绍了水环境检测的关键技术和系统,建立改进双峰法的水体分布遥感提取方法,并以具体地区为例进行分析,采用不同方法建立解析方法,从根本上提升反演方法的区域和积极适用性,希望能够对相关人员起到参考性价值。     

北京首都机场绿色滑行时间估算

采用北京首都机场2014年实际CDM地面放行数据确定航空器的污染物排放量与离场排队飞机数量和落地滑入飞机数量的强关联性,构建包含这两个解释变量为影响因素的多元线性回归模型,用以估算几种常见机型在首都机场地面运行时的最小污染物排放量和绿色滑行时间。对比实际污染物排放量与最小污染物排放量,得出首都机场离场地面污染物排放量远远超过最小污染物排放量。     

基于新常态下环境监察执法的难点和重点分析

随着社会经济的发展和人民生活水平的日益提高,广大人民对环境的要求也达到了一个新的高度。在新常态下,如何加强环境监察执法力度与效率、高效解决环境问题、改善生态环境,成为普遍关注的问题。本文从当下环境监察执法工作中的重点与难点出发,分析了新常态下的环境局势,并给出了几点新常态背景下高效开展环境监察执法工作的措施,以期能够改进环境监察执法现状,促进环境问题的早日解决。     

我国污染物总量控制制度改革的思考

污染物总量控制制度是我国环境保护制度的重要组成部分。结合污染物总量控制制度的实施现状,分析实施过程中减排基数、核算体系、责任主体等方面存在的问题。提出,改革现行污染物总量控制制度,将总量控制与改革中的排污许可制相融合,落实企业主体责任,将总量指标与环境质量改善挂钩,建立差异化的减排核算体系,并加强日常监管,达到改善环境质量的目标。     

维修时间不确定性下配电网灾后维修队安排的鲁棒恢复研究*

为最小化灾后配电网损失量，准确描述完整维修队工作时间（分为路途时间与具体维修时间），依据台风路径对维修队所需路途时间进行分类，并利用期望概率描述具体维修时间的不确定性。建立2阶段分布式鲁棒优化模型，采用CCG算法分析国内某地区配电网算例发现:考虑维修时间不确定性可以有效减少配电网损失量。     

A new prediction method of industrial atmospheric pollutant emission intensity based on pollutant emission standard quantification

● Established a quantification method of pollutant emission standard. ● Predicted the SO₂ emission intensity of single coking enterprises in China. ● Evaluated the influence of pollutant discharge standard on prediction accuracy. ● Analyzed the SO₂ emissions of Chinese provincial and municipal coking enterprises. Industrial emissions are the main source of atmospheric pollutants in China. Accurate and reasonable prediction of the emission of atmospheric pollutants from single enterprise can determine the exact source of atmospheric pollutants and control atmospheric pollution precisely. Based on China’s coking enterprises in 2020, we proposed a quantitative method for pollutant emission standards and introduced the quantification results of pollutant emission standards (QRPES) into the construction of support vector regression (SVR) and random forest regression (RFR) prediction methods for SO₂ emission of coking enterprises in China. The results show that, affected by the types of coke ovens and regions, China’s current coking enterprises have implemented a total of 21 emission standards, with marked differences. After adding QRPES, it was found that the root mean squared error (RMSE) of SVR and RFR decreased from 0.055 kt/a and 0.059 kt/a to 0.045 kt/a and 0.039 kt/a, and theR² increased from 0.890 and 0.881 to 0.926 and 0.945, respectively. This shows that the QRPES can greatly improve the prediction accuracy, and the SO₂ emissions of each enterprise are highly correlated with the strictness of standards. The predicted result shows that 45% of SO₂ emissions from Chinese coking enterprises are concentrated in Shanxi, Shaanxi and Hebei provinces in central China. The method created in this paper fills in the blank of forecasting method of air pollutant emission intensity of single enterprise and is of great help to the accurate control of air pollutants.     

PM_(2.5)对环境空气质量评价结果的影响分析

从2011年12月1日开始在常规空气监测点对影响吉林市空气质量的两个颗粒物指标PM2.5和PM10进行了同步比对监测。结果表明:PM2.5和PM10有显著的相关性,相关系数为0.982;采暖期PM2.5和PM10的比值平均为0.57。分别采用现行和新标准对监测结果进行了评价,其结果好于二级天数将比现行标准评价结果减少12.4%。     

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by Phragmites australis cultivated in synthesized substrates

Accumulation of heavy metals from various oxides with adsorbed cadmium by wetland plant Phragmites australis was studied to evaluate the fate of heavy metals in the sediment of constructed wetlands. Hoagland solution was used as nutrition supply, and single metal oxide with adsorbed cadmium was applied as contaminant to study the accumulation characteristics of cadmium and the substrate metals by P. australis. After 45-d treatment, the bioaccumulation degree in root followed the order: Al(OH)₃ > Al₂O₃ > Fe₃O₄ > MnO₂ > FeOOH. Heavy metals absorbed by P. australis were largely immobilized by the roots with little translocation to aboveground parts.     

潜流人工湿地处理微污染河道水中有机物和氮的净化效率及沿程变化

摘要：以野外水平潜流芦苇砾石床人工湿地研究了湿地对微污染河道水的长期动态净化特性。2a多的运行结果表明,潜流湿地对污染物的去除性能存在波动、稳定过程。潜流湿地降解有机物和脱氮性能与植物生长和季节变化相关,其中植物生长和季节变化对湿地脱氮效能的影响大于对湿地去除有机物的影响。潜流湿地降解有机物的主要场所随运行时间沿程推移,启动期主要在湿地前部完成,稳定运行期主要在湿地的前、中部完成。湿地对有机物的去除率,在6.10%～37.83%之间变化。湿地运行期间,沿程水样C/N值基本大于5,碳源供应较充足。潜流湿地启动期TN平均去除率为15.51%,稳定运行期TN平均去除率为8.61%,低于启动期,整个运行期间湿地TN去除率不足40%。潜流湿地中硝化与反硝化反应在中部达到动态平衡,TN去除效率最高。稳定运行期间潜流湿地的前、中部耗氧强度最大,后部下层有明显硝化反应发生。潜流湿地对有机物降解、硝化与反硝化反应、TN去除具有沿程同步性。试验还初步发现,在植物生长旺盛的春夏季根系分泌的低分子有机酸对化能自养型硝化细菌可能有较大抑制作用,可能是影响脱氮效率提高的一个因素。