孤东油田含油污泥现状及处理技术

含油污泥是油田开发过程中的重要污染源，孤东油田目前对含油污泥主要采用自然干化填埋处理法。为了更好地回收原油，提高环境效益和经济效益，实验用离心分离法处理含油污泥，结合表明：使用该技术使油回收率可以达到80％以上，当含油量达到一定值时，会产生明显的经济，环境及社会效益。  

孤东油田含油污泥现状及处理技术

含油污泥是油田开发过程中的重要污染源，孤东油田目前对含油污泥主要采用自然干化填埋处理法。为了更好地回收原油，提高环境效益和经济效益，实验用离心分离法处理含油污泥，结合表明：使用该技术使油回收率可以达到80％以上，当含油量达到一定值时，会产生明显的经济，环境及社会效益。  

污水的人工湿地系统处理技术

本文通过了人工湿地系统处理技术及其发展、应用的综述介绍，并以深圳白泥坑人工湿地处理系统工程与二级生化污水处理厂相比较。结果表明，用人工湿地系统处理污水具有投资少，耗能低，运行简便等优点，提出研究、推广应用湿地系统技术处理污水的建议，可供环境保护科研及管理人员参考。  

胜利油田的油泥沙现状及处理工艺探讨

采油生产中的油泥（沙）是胜利油田的重要污染源，对含油泥（沙）处理国际上主要采用加碱、注热水、离心分离的方法将油、沙分离。含油泥（沙）的处理在国内尚无成熟工艺。目前，主要应采用以下方法：原油浓度低的油泥（沙）和油污土壤，主要采用微生物降解的方法进行处理；对原油浓度高的油泥（沙）和油污土壤主要采用物理化学的方法进行处理。可以预测，开展油泥（沙）处理及回收利用可获得巨大的经济效益和环境效益。  

大有开发价值的蛋白质新资源——植物叶蛋白

随着世界人口的剧增和人民生活水平的提高，对优质蛋白质的需求越来越大，开发新的蛋白资源势在必行。作者从原料，营养价值，食用效果及经济效益四方面论述了植物叶蛋白的开发价值。  

饮食文化旅游杂谈

饮食文化是人生舞台上不可缺少的重要剧目。充分利用饮食活动所占的空间和时间，大力开展旅游活动，无颖会拉开一道道别有情趣的风景线，实现饮食业与旅游业的双赢。  

论耕地质量、种粮效益与我国粮食安全

我国粮食安全供应的基础就是保持耕地数量，提高耕地质量。但由于工业化和城市化的需要，我国耕地数量减少的趋势难以避免。同时，耕地质量下降、种粮效益低迷也威胁着我国粮食供应的安全基础。文章在分析我国耕地减少、质量下降，种粮效益差的原因及其影响的基础上，提出了一些提高耕地质量和土地经营水平的对策建议。  

炼油污水净化回用工业试验综述

随着我国石油加工业的发展，炼油装置及生产能力不断增加，炼厂对新鲜水的需求量和污水的排放量也在逐年增加。因此如何节约用水和减少污水的排放量， 将炼油污水净化回用，是降低企业加工成本，提高企业经济效益，而且进一步利用水资源，提高社会效益和环境效益的重要课题，哈尔滨炼油厂自1997年开始经过小试、中试及工业试验，将炼厂污水净化回用，取得了很好的结果，同时该课题通过了中油股份公司组织的技术鉴定。  

Valuation of Ecological Resources and Functions

/ Ecological resources are natural resources that provide certain necessary but overlooked system maintenance functions within ecosystems. Environmental economics is in search of an appropriate analysis framework to determine economic values of such resources. This paper presents a framework that estimates and compiles the components of value for a natural ecosystem. The framework begins with the ecological processes involved, which provide functions within the ecosystem and services valued by humans. We discuss the additive or competive nature of these values, and estimate these values through conventional and unconventional techniques. We apply the framework to ecological resources in a shrub-steppe dryland habitat being displaced by development. We first determine which functions and services are mutually exclusive (e.g., farming vs soil stabilization) and which are complementary or products of joint production (e.g., soil stabilization and maintenance of species). We then apply benefit transfer principles with contingent valuation methodology (CVM), travel cost methodology (TCM), and hedonic damage pricing (HDP). Finally, we derive upper-limit values for more difficult-to-value functions through the use of human analogs, which we argue are the most appropriate method of valuation under some circumstances. The highest values of natural shrub-steppe habitat appear to be derived from soil stabilization.KEY WORDS: Natural resource economics; Ecological economics; Ecological resources; Shrub-steppe; Environmental valuation; Cost; Benefit; Value  

Valuation of Ecological Resources and Functions

/ Ecological resources are natural resources that provide certain necessary but overlooked system maintenance functions within ecosystems. Environmental economics is in search of an appropriate analysis framework to determine economic values of such resources. This paper presents a framework that estimates and compiles the components of value for a natural ecosystem. The framework begins with the ecological processes involved, which provide functions within the ecosystem and services valued by humans. We discuss the additive or competive nature of these values, and estimate these values through conventional and unconventional techniques. We apply the framework to ecological resources in a shrub-steppe dryland habitat being displaced by development. We first determine which functions and services are mutually exclusive (e.g., farming vs soil stabilization) and which are complementary or products of joint production (e.g., soil stabilization and maintenance of species). We then apply benefit transfer principles with contingent valuation methodology (CVM), travel cost methodology (TCM), and hedonic damage pricing (HDP). Finally, we derive upper-limit values for more difficult-to-value functions through the use of human analogs, which we argue are the most appropriate method of valuation under some circumstances. The highest values of natural shrub-steppe habitat appear to be derived from soil stabilization.KEY WORDS: Natural resource economics; Ecological economics; Ecological resources; Shrub-steppe; Environmental valuation; Cost; Benefit; Value