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1.
为查明老工业城市土壤-作物系统的重金属环境地球化学特征,测试和分析石嘴山市水稻、小麦和玉米籽实及其根系土重金属含量和形态,利用统计学方法、风险评价编码法(RAC)、生物富集系数法(BCF)、土壤和农产品综合质量影响指数法(IICQ)及ArcGIS空间插值法开展土壤-作物系统重金属的迁移累积特征剖析及风险协同评价.结果表明,根系土中重金属ω(As)、ω(Cd)、ω(Cr)、ω(Cu)、ω(Hg)、ω(Ni)、ω(Pb)和ω(Zn)均值分别为12.56、 0.19、 63.48、 23.52、 0.038、 28.86、 21.68和69.47mg·kg-1,与宁夏土壤背景值相比呈一定程度的累积,其中以Cd和Hg累积效应最为显著,但均低于农用地土壤污染风险筛选值;配套作物中上述8种重金属含量均值分别为0.014 9、 0.011 2、 0.075、 6.7、 0.001 5、 0.67、 0.042 7和20.48mg·kg-1,与食品中污染物限量相比,作物中As、 Pb和Cr点位超标率分别为4%、 3%和1%,其余元素均未超标;相比水稻和小麦,...  相似文献   
2.
人口、经济和环境协调发展是成渝地区双城经济圈协调发展及高质量发展的重要途径和关键点.本研究基于成渝地区双城经济圈36个市(区、县)面板数据,构建了人口-经济-环境系统协调发展指标体系,利用综合指标评价法、耦合模型、耦合协调模型等测算了2010—2019年成渝地区双城经济圈人口-经济-环境复合系统综合发展水平、耦合度及耦合协调度,据此分析研究时段内三元系统耦合协调的时空演变特征及规律,并对子系统发展差异性进行初探.结果表明:整体上,成渝地区双城经济圈耦合协调度和经济、环境子系统发展水平呈不断升高趋势;时序上各市(区、县)人口-经济-环境耦合协调发展关系呈良性向上发展趋势;空间上呈现“两核突出、中部塌陷,外围高于内部”的分布格局和“外围包围中部、由西向东推进”演变特征;研究时段内成渝地区双城经济圈各市(区、县)子系统滞后问题得到极大改善,呈“无序-有序、同步滞后-局部滞后”发展演变趋势和“U”型发展空间格局,但发展过程中人口子系统依旧存在较严重滞后问题.  相似文献   
3.
Finding sustainable ways to increase the amount of private land protected for biodiversity is challenging for many conservation organizations. In some countries, organizations use revolving‐fund programs, whereby land is purchased and then sold to conservation‐minded owners under condition they enter into a conservation covenant or easement. The sale proceeds are used to purchase, protect, and sell additional properties, incrementally increasing the amount of protected private land. Because the effectiveness of this approach relies on selecting appropriate properties, we explored factors currently considered by practitioners and how these are integrated into decision making. We conducted exploratory, semistructured interviews with managers from each of the 5 major revolving funds in Australia. Responses indicated although conservation factors are important, financial and social factors are also highly influential. A major determinant was whether the property could be resold within a reasonable period at a price that replenishes the fund. To facilitate resale, often selected properties include the potential for the construction of a dwelling. Practitioners face with clear trade‐offs between conservation, financial, amenity, and other factors in selecting properties and 3 main challenges: recovering the costs of acquisition, protection, and resale; reselling the property; and meeting conservation goals. Our findings suggest the complexity of these decisions may constrain revolving‐fund effectiveness. Drawing from participant responses, we identified potential strategies to mitigate these risks, such as providing adequate recreational space without jeopardizing ecological assets. We suggest managers could benefit from a shared‐learning and adaptive approach to property selection given the commonalities between programs. Understanding how practitioners deal with complex decisions in the implementation of revolving funds helps identify future research to improve the performance of this conservation tool.  相似文献   
4.
循环经济产业园规划与相关规划的协调性分析是论证循环经济产业园规划合理性的关键环节之一。以武汉市千子山循环经济产业园为例,通过对该产业园规划与产业政策和相关规划的协调性分析,论证了千子山循环经济产业园规划的合理性,为国内同类产业园规划提供参考。  相似文献   
5.
This paper evaluates the planning competences required to enact a managed transition to sustainability at the municipal level for cities facing population, economic and employment decline. Drawing on the ‘shrinking cities’ literature, we argue consolidation of the built environment can become a focal point for sustaining citizen welfare when transitioning cities that are facing decline, especially those previously reliant on resource industries. We evaluate the former coal mining city of Yubari, Japan, which is developing a consolidated urban form with the aim of creating a ‘sustainable’ future city. Findings from interviews and content analysis of Yubari’s planning policy indicate, however, that to translate ‘shrinking’ a city into a managed transition, spatial planning must be accompanied by a wider range of social policy measures and strong cross-sectoral engagement. We also caution that the unique geographical and political context of Yubari mean its model may not be directly replicable in other contexts.  相似文献   
6.
Fire events are an annual phenomenon in Greece with damages and even casualties, making their understanding and management important. In this paper, we present fire events provided by NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System and place them along a number of spatial types defined by relief and land cover classes. Results demonstrate that the occurrence of fire events is related more to some land cover classes than others. The most important in terms of overall frequency in all types of terrain is ‘Agricultural Areas’, as a result of farming practices that involve fire. The second more important type of areas is ‘Artificial Surfaces’, especially in low lying areas. These events are related to urban growth and sprawl and are very often a direct outcome of speculation practices with land properties, encouraged by the absence or poor implementation of spatial planning.  相似文献   
7.
Controlling invasive species is critical for conservation but can have unintended consequences for native species and divert resources away from other efforts. This dilemma occurs on a grand scale in the North American Great Lakes, where dams and culverts block tributary access to habitat of desirable fish species and are a lynchpin of long‐standing efforts to limit ecological damage inflicted by the invasive, parasitic sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Habitat restoration and sea‐lamprey control create conflicting goals for managing aging infrastructure. We used optimization to minimize opportunity costs of habitat gains for 37 desirable migratory fishes that arose from restricting sea lamprey access (0–25% increase) when selecting barriers for removal under a limited budget (US$1–105 million). Imposing limits on sea lamprey habitat reduced gains in tributary access for desirable species by 15–50% relative to an unconstrained scenario. Additional investment to offset the effect of limiting sea‐lamprey access resulted in high opportunity costs for 30 of 37 species (e.g., an additional US$20–80 million for lake sturgeon [Acipenser fulvescens]) and often required ≥5% increase in sea‐lamprey access to identify barrier‐removal solutions adhering to the budget and limiting access. Narrowly distributed species exhibited the highest opportunity costs but benefited more at less cost when small increases in sea‐lamprey access were allowed. Our results illustrate the value of optimization in limiting opportunity costs when balancing invasion control against restoration benefits for diverse desirable species. Such trade‐off analyses are essential to the restoration of connectivity within fragmented rivers without unleashing invaders.  相似文献   
8.
为了解决自然灾害或生产安全事故风险影响区域的警报通知问题,针对突发事件警报通知系统规划与建设过程中的关键要素,通过相关突发事件特征归纳总结、警报通知需求分析、法规要求与现实差距对比等方法,结合国内外相关标准和研究成果,总结、提炼出规划和建设高时效性警报通知系统必须考虑的关键要素,并研究相关警报通知实现技术的适用性。最后,结合西南某油气开采企业的突发事件警报通知系统规划与建设实际,分析该企业警报通知系统的特点并有针对性地提出优化建议。研究结果可对相关企业或政府开展警报通知系统的规划与建设提供参考和借鉴。  相似文献   
9.
在传统土壤评价方法的理论基础上,参考模糊数学的架构,建立了由风险因素集、风险评价集、隶属度函数、评估矩阵和权重系数组成的评价模型,最终形成了一套场地重金属污染风险的综合评价方法.选取安徽铜陵某冶炼厂作为研究场地,分析场地土壤中重金属的污染情况并验证该评价模型的科学性.结果表明,研究场地内表层土壤重金属含量平均值分别为As(1382mg/kg)、Cd(64.9mg/kg)、Cu(4973mg/kg)、Pb(3403mg/kg),As和Pb污染严重.相比于传统土壤评价方法,综合评价方法考虑重金属的人体健康风险、地下水迁移风险和生态风险3个方面,插值后不同风险所占面积比例为安全(25.3%)、低风险(5.86%)、中风险(9.00%)、高风险(59.9%).与内梅罗指数法对比,综合评价风险结果中的高风险区域面积下降了9.50%,而中风险、低风险和安全区域的面积则分别上升了约3.54%、3.83%和1.20%,整体风险有所降低.与传统土壤评价方法对比,基于模糊数学模型的综合评价方法不局限于重金属总量单一因素对土壤污染风险水平的限制,根据场地实际情况及土地二次利用途径对其进行更加详细的污染风险评...  相似文献   
10.
The establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs) is a critical step in ensuring the continued persistence of marine biodiversity. Although the area protected in MPAs is growing, the movement of individuals (or larvae) among MPAs, termed connectivity, has only recently been included as an objective of many MPAs. As such, assessing connectivity is often neglected or oversimplified in the planning process. For promoting population persistence, it is important to ensure that protected areas in a system are functionally connected through dispersal or adult movement. We devised a multi-species model of larval dispersal for the Australian marine environment to evaluate how much local scale connectivity is protected in MPAs and determine whether the extensive system of MPAs truly functions as a network. We focused on non-migratory species with simplified larval behaviors (i.e., passive larval dispersal) (e.g., no explicit vertical migration) as an illustration. Of all the MPAs analyzed (approximately 2.7 million km2), outside the Great Barrier Reef and Ningaloo Reef, <50% of MPAs (46-80% of total MPA area depending on the species considered) were functionally connected. Our results suggest that Australia's MPA system cannot be referred to as a single network, but rather a collection of numerous smaller networks delineated by natural breaks in the connectivity of reef habitat. Depending on the dispersal capacity of the taxa of interest, there may be between 25 and 47 individual ecological networks distributed across the Australian marine environment. The need to first assess the underlying natural connectivity of a study system prior to implementing new MPAs represents a key research priority for strategically enlarging MPA networks. Our findings highlight the benefits of integrating multi-species connectivity into conservation planning to identify opportunities to better incorporate connectivity into the design of MPA systems and thus to increase their capacity to support long-term, sustainable biodiversity outcomes.  相似文献   
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