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1.
姜春红 《辽宁城乡环境科技》2013,(9):44-45
选取了沈阳市lO条主干道,通过实地调查监测与文献资料分析相结合的方法,分析了主干道交通噪声的影响因素,结果表明,车流量与车型是影响城市主干道交通噪声的重要因素,并提出控制城市主干道交通噪声的防治措施,改善声环境质量。 相似文献
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目前大学生的英语口语表达能力总体很差,在口语交流上也出现各种障碍,其原因除学生英语学习能力较差以外,态度问题、动机偏差、缺乏自信、不耐挫折、缺乏热情、过于紧张、性格内向等心理因素也起着关键的作用。对于大学生英语口语交流存在的障碍,可以通过激发兴趣、心理暗示、教师鼓励、减少心理压力、结交外国朋友等有效方法,指导学生进行口语训练,提高学生口语水平。 相似文献
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Torbjørn Rundmo 《Safety Science》1996,21(3):205-221
A self-completion questionnaire survey was carried out among employees on offshore oil platforms in the Norwegian part of the North Sea in February 1990 and repeated in February 1994. A total of 915 employees on eight platforms (five oil companies) answered the questionnaire in 1990 and the response rate was 92%. In 1994, 1138 respondents on twelve platforms and nine companies filled in the questionnaire. The response rate was 87%. Significantly fewer of the personnel felt at risk in 1994 compared to 1990. Likewise, a greater percentage of the employees were satisfied with safety and contingency measures, and experienced job stress to a lesser extent in 1994 than they did in 1990. 相似文献
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Introduction: More than 800 pedestrians die annually in crashes on interstates and other freeways in the United States, but few studies have examined their characteristics. Method: Data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System on pedestrians fatally injured during 2015–2017 were analyzed. Chi-square tests compared characteristics of pedestrians killed on interstates and other freeways with those that died on other roads, and across crash types among freeway deaths. Land use characteristics of locations where pedestrians were killed while crossing freeways in a large state (California) were identified using Google Earth. Results: A larger proportion of pedestrians killed on freeways died on dark and unlit roads (48% vs. 32%), were male (78% vs. 68%), or were ages 20–44 (55% vs. 32%) compared with pedestrians killed on other roads. Crossing (42%) was the most common crash type among pedestrian deaths on freeways, followed by disabled-vehicle-related crashes (18%). Pedestrians who died while crossing more often had blood alcohol concentrations ≥ 0.08 g/dL (40%) than those in disabled-vehicle-related (22%) or other crashes (34%). Deaths in crossing crashes were more likely than other freeway deaths to occur on urban roads (81%), at speed limits ≤50 mph (13%), or between 18:00 and 23:59 (49%), and 58% of crossing crashes analyzed for land use were located between residential and other (e.g., commercial, recreational) uses. Over a third (37%) of deaths in disabled-vehicle-related crashes occurred at speed limits ≥70 mph. Conclusions: A surprising proportion of pedestrian deaths occur on controlled-access roads not designed for walking. Countermeasures for these crashes need to be implemented to see meaningful reductions in pedestrian fatalities overall. Practical applications: Improving roadway and vehicle lighting, requiring reflective warning devices for marking disabled vehicles, constructing pedestrian overpasses and underpasses in areas frequently crossed, and promoting alternative means of traveling between residential and commercial areas could help. 相似文献
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通过分析2016—2019年淮安地区近地面臭氧浓度与相关气象因子的变化关系,建立臭氧浓度预报模型,并利用2020年数据对预报模型进行检验。结果表明:有利于高浓度臭氧形成的气象条件是适宜的地面气压和高层位势高度,较高的地面温度和高层温度,适宜的地面相对湿度和高层露点温度差,地面和高层有较小的风速和特定的风向,适宜的总辐射辐照度、较低的总云量和低云量以及长时间的日照。定义高浓度臭氧潜势指数(HOPI)和风向指数(WDI),并结合地面和高层气象因子,建立多指标叠套的臭氧浓度预报方程。利用2020年数据对臭氧浓度预报方程进行检验,发现其预报值与实况值的相关系数为0.83,说明预报方程具有较好的拟合效果和可预报性。 相似文献
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为预防地铁站火灾事故,深入了解地铁站火灾人员疏散影响因素间的内在联系与层次结构,基于第6版“2-4”模型(24Model)分析63起地铁站火灾疏散事故,充分考虑各个因素之间的交互作用,提取19个影响地铁站人员疏散的关键因素,建立地铁站火灾人员疏散影响因素指标体系;采用算子客观赋权法(C-OWA)改进决策试验与评价实验法(DEMATEL),确定地铁站火灾人员疏散的重要影响因素;在此基础上,采用解释结构模型(ISM)分析各个因素间的层次结构及相互作用路径,构建地铁站火灾人员疏散影响因素的多级递阶结构模型。研究结果表明:疏散引导、恐慌从众行为、人员拥挤为地铁站火灾人员疏散的关键影响因素;地铁站火灾人员疏散受表层因素、中间层因素、深层因素共同作用的影响,其中,疏散教育与培训、设施维护与检查、疏散预案等因素是根源影响因素,重视根源影响因素的改善有利于从本质上预防和控制事故的发生。 相似文献
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基于光散射原理的PM2.5传感器在近几年快速发展,中国、美国以及欧盟均发布了关于大气PM2.5传感器使用的指南。传感器类PM2.5设备受湿度、温度、颗粒物组成等影响,国内外相关应用重点集中在空气质量监测、预报预测、健康暴露评估及污染源精准识别等领域,中国在基于传感器的PM2.5高密度网格化监测的设备研发、建设规模及应用等均走在世界前列。研究从PM2.5传感器设备相关的原理、影响因素、性能指标,以及基于传感器形成的高密度网格化监测体系相关的标准规范、质控校准以及业务应用等方面进行了国内外资料调研,为传感器技术应用于大气精细化环境管理提供支撑。 相似文献
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An assessment of marine pollution due to metals was made in the Suez Gulf based on surface costal sediment collected from 18 locations along the Gulf. The samples were dried and acid-digested, and the metal contents (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (air-acetylene) with deuterium background correction. An evaluation of the heavy-metal pollution status of the Gulf was carried out using enrichment factors (EF) and geo-accumulation Indexes (Igeo). Also, heavy-metal concentrations in Suez Gulf sediments were evaluated using the Effect Range-Low (ERL) and the Effect Range-Median (ERM). The results of a Spearman correlation and factor and cluster analysis of the heavy metals analysed in the collected sediment were discussed. The main source of contamination is offshore oil field and industrial wastes, which arise due to the ineffective and inefficient operation equipments, illegal discharge and lack of supervision, and prosecution of offenders. 相似文献