Animal agency in wildlife conservation and management

Wildlife conservation and management (WCM) practices have been historically drawn from a wide variety of academic fields, yet practitioners have been slow to engage with emerging conversations about animals as complex beings, whose individuality and sociality influence their relationships with humans. We propose an explicit acknowledgement of wild, nonhuman animals as active participants in WCM. We examined 190 studies of WCM interventions and outcomes to highlight 3 common assumptions that underpin many present approaches to WCM: animal behaviors are rigid and homogeneous; wildlife exhibit idealized wild behavior and prefer pristine habitats; and human–wildlife relationships are of marginal or secondary importance relative to nonhuman interactions. We found that these management interventions insufficiently considered animal learning, decision-making, individuality, sociality, and relationships with humans and led to unanticipated detrimental outcomes. To address these shortcomings, we synthesized theoretical advances in animal behavioral sciences, animal geographies, and animal legal theory that may help conservation professionals reconceptualize animals and their relationships with humans. Based on advances in these fields, we constructed the concept of animal agency, which we define as the ability of animals to actively influence conservation and management outcomes through their adaptive, context-specific, and complex behaviors that are predicated on their sentience, individuality, lived experiences, cognition, sociality, and cultures in ways that shape and reshape shared human–wildlife cultures, spaces, and histories. Conservation practices, such as compassionate conservation, convivial conservation, and ecological justice, incorporate facets of animal agency. Animal agency can be incorporated in conservation problem-solving by assessing the ways in which agency contributes to species’ survival and by encouraging more adaptive and collaborative decision-making among human and nonhuman stakeholders.     

汽车及零部件行业VOCs污染现状及减排对策分析

分析了汽车及零部件行业VOCs的主要来源和危害,阐述了我国现阶段汽车及零部件行业VOCs的污染现状。建议采取以源头削减和过程控制为重点、兼顾末端治理的全过程综合防治措施,控制汽车及零部件行业的VOCs排放。     

废荧光灯的环境污染对策探讨

废荧光灯管中的有害物质如果处置不当,会对人体健康和环境造成危害。目前国内大部分废荧光灯管未得到无害化处置,主要在指定的法规、有效的政策以及完善的运营机制方面存在很多弊端,应引起社会各界的关注和政府部门的重视。本文结合国内外废荧光灯管回收处置现状,针对存在的问题,提出源头控制、分类收集、多渠道回收、建立资金及资金补贴机制以及技术手段措施,为从根本上解决废旧灯管回收难的问题,并探索社会源危险废物的管理提供对策建议。     

贵州省土壤环境质量监测存在问题及对策

结合贵州省近年来土壤环境质量监测实践,从土壤环境监测方案制定、评价标准、常规监测和应急监测能力建设等方面分析了贵州省土壤环境质量监测存在的问题,指出加强土壤常规监测和土壤应急监测能力的相关举措,提出科学制定土壤环境监测方案、提高监测报告可用性等方面的建议。     

昆明市建设项目环境影响评价公众参与现状研究

以昆明市为研究对象,深入分析现阶段环境影响评价公众参与中存在的主要问题,并提出改进的对策建议。     

昆明市主城区近年空气质量变化趋势与成因分析

根据昆明市2004-2013年空气自动站监测数据,对昆明市空气质量,污染物年际变化、季节变化、空间变化特征进行了研究。分析了影响昆明市空气质量的地理气象因素、污染排放因素、污染物远程输送因素。提出了相应的防治对策和建议。     

新形势下污染源监督性监测工作存在的问题及应对措施

"十二五"以来,国家不断完善总量减排和污染源监测管理制度,出台了一系列新的文件和办法,强化了监测信息公开,严格了总量减排监测体系建设和运行管理考核。新形势下,对污染源监督性监测工作提出了新的工作要求,针对当前监督性监测工作中存在的一些问题,从标准核实、规范监测、信息公布、软件升级等方面提出了相应的措施和建议。     

兰州新区建设循环经济型园区的对策探究

《循环经济发展战略及近期行动计划》指出了要推动各类产业园区实施循环化改造,促进园区绿色低碳循环发展的新要求。兰州新区是国务院批复的全国第五个、西北第一个国家级新区,对兰州新区循环化建设提出相应对策。     

宜昌市三级监测站标准化建设现状分析及对策研究

标准化站建设是提升环境监测站能力水平的重要途径和抓手,为促进宜昌市三级站的整体达标验收,该研究分析了辖区三级监测站标准化建设存在的主要共性问题为：在岗人员数量少和人才流失严重、经费保障和监测用房面积不足、监测项目偏少、管理体系不健全,并结合实际提出了加强人才队伍建设、拓宽监测经费来源、提高监测分析能力和强化质量管理等对策建议.     

基层环境行政执法存在的问题与对策研究

随着经济的迅速发展,人民生活水平明显提高。但生存环境恶化,能源紧缺等问题也不断显现。人民群众对生活环境质量的要求和对环境保护工作的关注度越来越高。环境执法是维护群众环境权益、构建和谐社会的重要保障和体现,因此,开拓适应市场经济新体制的环境执法新局面,维护环境法制的尊严,加强环境保护的基本国策地位,实现中国社会、经济和环境的可持续发展,都具重要的理论意义和实践意义。坚持在发展中保护,在保护中发展成为基层环境行政执法的新任务。