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1.
为揭示可控飞行撞地(CFIT)事故致因规律,根据Reason-SHEL模型得出的10个CFIT事故致因因子,分析从飞行安全基金会数据库中整理出的2006—2011年间40起CFIT事故。在此基础上建立CFIT事故年份-成因列联表,再利用SPSS软件对表格进行对应分析。将事故成因和年份同时反映在二维散点图中,实现数据可视化。最后对图形进行向量、圆心接近点以及区域化等3项分析。根据结果得出,CFIT事故的主成因是人因操作和外界环境;随着年份增加,飞行员状态(药物/疲劳、经验不足)对造成CFIT事故的重要性越来越明显;不同年份有不同的重要致因因子。  相似文献   
2.
Water quality is a critical challenge in Asia in the context of growing industrialization, urbanization, and climate change. Nature-based solutions (NbS) could play an important role in reducing urban water pollution, while generating multiple co-benefits that could make cities more liveable and resilient. In this regard, a number of pilot and demonstration projects have been set up to explore their potential across cities in Asia. Their effectiveness and impacts, however, have not been adequately documented, thus how they can be sustained, replicated and up-scaled remain poorly understood. This study aims to contribute to addressing this challenge by co-developing an integrated assessment framework and employing it to understand how existing evaluations of NbS in the region can be improved. It focuses specifically on a set of nature-based solutions that have been employed for water treatment across six cities in Southeast Asia (two in each Sri Lanka, the Philippines, and Vietnam), namely, floating wetlands, constructed wetlands and maturation ponds. The study also suggests specific methodologies for capturing a set of core indicators considered relevant for assessing the effectiveness and capturing the multi-faceted impacts of the examined NbS.  相似文献   
3.
The properties of electro-activated (EA) aqueous solutions as well as the dynamics of their changes were considered in the current study using aqueous solutions of NaCl and NaHCO3. The concentrations of the salt solutions were 0.5, 0.25, 0.125 and 0.05 M. The tests were performed at the DC current densities of 25, 37.5, and 50 Å/m2. The electro-activation reactor consisted of three individual cells assembled together and separated by anion-exchange (AEM) and cation-exchange (CEM) membranes. During the experiments, four configurations of the membrane placements and solutions concentrations were studied. The obtained results showed the dynamics of the electro-activation process that allows obtaining electro-activated solutions with targeted properties such as pH and oxydo-reduction potential (ORP). It was possible to obtain electro-activated solutions at the anodic side (acid anolyte) with pH of 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 and ORP of +1100 ± 15 mV when NaCl solution was used as electrolyte. Furthermore, several types of electro-activated solutions with high redox potential (ORP = +921 ± 12 mV) and neutral pH (6.48 ± 0.05) were obtained on the anode side when sodium carbonate was used. At the same time, two types of solutions, one with acid pH (2.14 ± 0.14) and the other one with alkaline pH (10.46 ± 0.03) with ORP = +689 ± 10 and 110 ± 21 mV, respectively, were obtained in the central compartment which considered as electro-activated solutions obtained by means of noncontact electro-activation.  相似文献   
4.
The servicising approach in vineyard protection is considered a valid alternative to achieve decoupling between the economic and environmental performance of viticulture. In this paper, a policy package is designed to promote the uptake of a servicised model of vineyard protection in an area of smallholding viticulture. In doing so, a specific methodology based on a step by step protocol has been followed that aims to come up with a package that is effective, implementable and socially as well as politically acceptable. The paper concludes on the importance of combining several policy instruments in a policy package to realise the political objective. The proposed viable policy package includes incentives that support the companies’ shift towards offering crop protection solutions, further development of IPM solutions and instruments that encourage farmers to reduce the use of pesticides and collectively hire crop protection services.  相似文献   
5.
While ecosystem-based planning approaches are increasingly promoted through international and national policies, municipalities are still struggling with translating them into practice. Against this background, this paper aims to increase the knowledge of current advances and possible ways to support the implementation of the ecosystem services (ES) approach at the municipal level. More specifically, we analyze how ES have been integrated into comprehensive planning within the municipality of Malmö in Sweden over the last 60 years, a declared forerunner in local environmental governance. Based on a content analysis of comprehensive plans over the period 1956–2014 and interviews with municipal stakeholders, this paper demonstrates how planning has shifted over time toward a more holistic view of ES and their significance for human well-being and urban sustainability. Both explicit and implicit applications of the ES concept were found in the analyzed comprehensive plans and associated programs and projects. Our study shows how these applications reflect international, national, and local policy changes, and indicates how municipalities can gradually integrate the ES approach into comprehensive planning and facilitate the transition from implicit to more explicit knowledge use.  相似文献   
6.
As a biomass agricultural waste material, coconut shells were used for the preparation of high-quality modified activated carbon. Chemical modification of the surface of the prepared activated carbon is done by oxidation using H2O2 and HNO3, respectively. The surface area and pore volume of the coconut shells activated carbon are increased by the chemical modification, and followingly the removal of the metals is improved. The structural morphology and composition of the modified activated carbon coconut shells (MACCS) were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, thermogravimetric analysis–differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analysis (SAA), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur (CHNS) elemental analysis. The prepared MACCS has reasonably good chemical stability. The influence of solution pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, adsorption temperature, initial metal concentrations, and interfering ions on the adsorption performance of the investigated ions onto the prepared sorbent was examined by a batch method. The selectivity sequence for sorption of Eu3+, Ce3+, Sr2+, and Cs+ ions on MACCS was found to be Eu3+?>?Ce3+?>?Sr2+?>?Cs+. The saturation capacities of MACCS for the studied metal ions were found to be 136.84, 85.55, 69.85, and 60.00?mg?g?1 for Eu3+, Ce3+, Sr2+, and Cs+ ions, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters, ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG° were also evaluated.  相似文献   
7.
系统研究了氙灯和高压汞灯照射下对硝基苯胺(PNA)在蒸馏水、人工海水和天然海水中的光化学降解情况.结果表明,PNA光降解速率会受到光源、溶液介质、温度、起始浓度、重金属离子、甲醇及过氧化氢浓度的影响.随着光源强度的增强、起始浓度的增大、温度的增高和过氧化氢量的增加,PNA在海水中光降解速率相应加快;然而甲醇的加入可有效...  相似文献   
8.
本文以某发射场为例,通过主要危险源辨识、作业单元划分、现场调查和监测统计,利用风险指数评估法对液体推进剂职业中毒风险进行量化评价,结果表明:液体推进剂作业存在极度和高度职业中毒风险,发射场液体推进剂作业职业中度风险主要来源于液体推进剂及氮气;液体推进剂设备维修、应急救援及进罐作业存在极度职业中毒风险,转注/加注、取样为高度风险,化验及"三废"处理属于中度风险。根据评价结果并借鉴以往事故经验教训,指出职业中毒伤害与工程控制、个体防护措施和安全意识密切相关,不使用或不能正确使用呼吸防护装备是引发职业中毒的主要原因,并提出针对性的防护措施建议。  相似文献   
9.
畜禽养殖业污染、生活垃圾随意堆放、农用化学物质、农用塑料制品污染、工业经济发展和城市化扩张对农村环境产生破坏是佳木斯市环境污染的主要表现。资金匮乏、法律制度不健全、农民环保意识不强、农业技术发展与环境保护不同步、各部门沟通较少是造成农村环境污染的主要原因。通过加强法制建设、改变农业生产模式、走生态农业发展之路、加大资金投入和宣传教育力度、部门间协调,可有效解决农村环境污染问题。  相似文献   
10.
采用新型两相分配式生物反应器(TPPB)和前期研究得到的高效苯酚降解菌对高盐废水中苯酚的降解进行研究,研究中确定煤油为反应系统的最佳有机溶剂,并考察了废水苯酚含量、废水盐度以及搅拌器搅拌速度对苯酚降解的影响。结果表明,反应系统能正常降解苯酚含量为1 000~2 500 mg/L的高盐苯酚废水;反应系统在含盐量为100 g NaCl/L、搅拌速度为50 r/min的运行工况条件下,降解时间缩短为52 h,总酚去除率为20.58 mg/(L.h)。  相似文献   
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