A Marine Pollution Study of Northeast Coastal Water Off Taiwan Island

The coastal water of northeast Taiwan island, called 'Yin-Yang Hai' for its distinct yellow colour compared with blue offshore water, was investigated from 1989 to 1990 by the authors. Biological study showed the dominant species of plankton to be Copepoda, Cladocera, planktonic eggs and Diatoma. Dominant species of benthos were young crabs, Amphipoda and Annelida, with Amphipoda usually occurring in heavily polluted areas. Heavy metal data showed that the concentration of copper was high. the copper and iron concentration in algae of the intertidal zone was also high. the concentrations of iron and copper in inshore water were also higher than in offshore water. By comparison of the pH and salinity distribution of this area, we conclude that this coastal water has been polluted by acid waste water from coastal industry. the suspended solids concentration in sea water is high. Flocculation occurring at the boundary of fresh and saline water might be a reason for the distinct yellow colour of the water of this area. Further study is required.     

热带海洋环境中BHC和DDT的行为特征研究Ⅰ.中国珠江口区旱季BHC和DDT的含量与分布

本文于1994年11月用气相色谱法研究了旱季珠江口区环境中BHC和DDT的含量与分布。结果表明，表层海水BHC含量为0.187μg/L，DDT为0.080μｇ/L；底层海水BHC为0.117μｇ／L，DDT为0.506μｇ／L。沉积物BHC为11.15×10－9（干），DDT为33.46×10－9（干）。海水中的盐度、DO、C     

海洋现代沉积速率~（210）Pb－~（210）Bi法的射线测定研究

本文主要介绍了用~（２１０）Ｐｂ─~（２１０）Ｂｉ法测定海洋现代沉积速率和数据处理方法的研究。该方法测定的结果与~（２１０）Ｐｂ─~（２１０）Ｐｏ法和阴离子交换－ＥＤＴＡ纯化－硫酸钡镭沉淀－α计数法（简称~（２２６）Ｒａ法）以及厦门大学海洋系经研究改进的分离、纯化~（２１０）Ｐｂ的离子交换法的测定结果相当吻合。     

株洲市工业区大气中SO2转化速率的研究

在湖南省株洲市工业区的下风向布点,同时测定大气中ＳＯ２的浓度、ＴＳＰ和＜０．２５μｍ细粒子中ＳＯ２－４的浓度．结果表明,大气中ＳＯ２浓度随着离污染源距离的增加迅速下降,和ＳＯ２相比,颗粒物中ＳＯ２－４浓度随距离的增加而降低的程度要慢得多．同步测定的ＳＯ２浓度和细粒子ＳＯ２－４浓度有显著的相关关系．根据风向、风速和新产生的细粒子中的ＳＯ２－４浓度及大气中ＳＯ２的浓度计算了株洲教育学院处ＳＯ２的转化速率,春季湿度大,ＳＯ２转化速率也大,为４．８％／ｈ,秋季湿度小,ＳＯ２的转化速率变低,为１．５％／ｈ．春季中路铺ＳＯ２转化速率为３．１％／ｈ．     

剩余污泥厌氧发酵和微塑料的相互作用机制

以聚乙烯(PE)微塑料作为典型微塑料,在恒定碱性条件(pH=10)和非恒定碱性(初始pH=10)条件下,研究PE和剩余污泥厌氧发酵之间的相互作用机制。结果表明:在污泥厌氧发酵初始阶段,PE对产酸有明显的促进作用,而在后期呈相反趋势。厌氧发酵60 d时,恒定碱性条件下,投加PE组(R2)的VFAs产量与空白组R1相比降低了31.46%;在非恒定碱性条件下,投加PE组(R4)中VFAs产量与空白组R3相比降低了15.78%,说明PE长期胁迫对污泥厌氧发酵VFAs的产生有抑制作用。同时,PE会刺激微生物分泌更多的EPS(主要成分为蛋白质),降低Zeta电位并破坏EPS的结构。另外,综合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、水接触角分析微塑料的性质特征发现,由于环境条件和微生物活动的影响,污泥厌氧发酵会导致PE老化,且非恒定碱性条件下微塑料的老化速率更快。     

甲醇催化膜电极性能的研究

本文对甲醇催化膜电极继续进行了研究。在原有的铂-铑催化膜电极基础上,较系统地研究了铂钯(10—100%Pd)体系;铂铑(15—45%Rh)体系;以及铂-钯加贱金属体系。分别考查了催化膜电极的灵敏度、响应时间、干扰性能;并使用扫描电镜,X-射线光电子能谱,X-射线衍射等多种物理分析方法对催化膜电极表面状态进行了研究,验证了响应曲线的动力学过程,甲醇在电极上的氧化反应是属于一级动力学响应。据此筛选出较合适的甲醇催化膜电极。     

基于蝴蝶突变理论的城市突发事件研究

为预防城市突发事件的发生,利用蝴蝶突变理论,分析各类城市突发事件发生过程,构建城市突发事件发生过程机制模型,并分析城市突发事件发生的主要原因,进而构建城市突发事件预防模型,并从政府、单位、个人、法律层面提出城市突发事件的预防措施。研究结果表明:发生过程机制模型可以揭示城市突发事件发生的全过程,城市突发事件发生过程由初始因素变化、初始因素持续变化、系统状态跃迁、城市突发事件4个过程组成;根据发生过程能够分析出城市突发事件发生的主要原因;预防模型为预防城市突发事件的发生提供科学、有效的途径和理论上的支持。     

IMPROVED RIVER BASIN UTILIZATION THROUGH SYSTEMS ANALYSIS1

ABSTRACT. Theoretical and practical results are summarized for a study to determine optimal water resource allocation in a proposed water conservancy district. The area of this district, which covers several river basins, contains a large number of existing and proposed facilities such as reservoirs and diversions. The operation of all of these facilities was to be determined along with the sizing of the proposed facilities in order to optimize given objective functions. Related efforts in optimal river basin utilization were surveyed, and linear programming was selected as an expedient optimization technique. The problem is formulated by identifying time stages which together constitute a repetitive cycle such as a year. With these stages, it is possible to associate operational and capacity variables with network components, which are branches and nodes. Objective functions are assembled for the component variables. Constraint equations are written in terms of the variables to reflect network nodal continuity, capacity restrictions, and adjudications such as water rights. A numerical example is considered in which the existing and proposed facilities are aggregated to produce a small, tractable number of facilities. This paper examines the example results and suggests future improvements for models of this type.     

基于情景分析的城市餐厨垃圾处理方案研究

城市生态环境保护是生态文明建设的重要组成部分之一,而餐厨垃圾是影响城市生态环境的一种主要污染源,因此,有效处理餐厨垃圾也是当前城市生态环境保护的重要内容。本文以重庆市为例,针对其特殊的餐厨垃圾组成成分,调查分析了其主城区餐厨垃圾污染状况及处理难点,提出了3种主要处理方案情景并进行综合效益评价。结果表明建立餐厨垃圾小型处理站是最优方案,其成本效益核算结果说明当政府基金和垃圾产量有限时,也可采用缩小处理站规模以达到最高的组合效益。     

环境保护与公众参与--绿色中国第九届论坛在京隆重召开

以“环境保护与公众参与”为主题的第九届“绿色中国论坛”，于12月3日在北京昆仑饭店隆重召开，这是2005中国环境文化节的重头戏。全国人大副委员长许嘉璐、全国政协副主席陈奎元．中宣部副部长胡振民．全国政协人资环委副主任温克刚等领导同志。来自清华大学．中国政法大学等著名高校的知名专家学者和企业家代表．文化界代表。以及全国70多家环保组织负责人应邀到会。国家环保总局副局长潘岳主持了论坛开幕式。并致开幕词。潘岳副局长还邀请中宣部副部长欧阳坚为本次论坛致词。本刊精编了论坛上的精彩发言，在此与读者共同分享。[编者按]