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1.
Fernando Rojano Pierre-Emmanuel Bournet Melynda Hassouna Paul Robin Murat Kacira Christopher Y. Choi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(12):724
Air inside poultry houses must be removed on a regular basis to prevent excess of heat, particles and noxious gases that can imperil animals. To cope with this issue, natural ventilation could be an effective method when assisted by accurate predictions. This study investigates air discharges caused by natural ventilation of a poultry house by means of a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. It solves the governing equations of momentum, heat and mass transport, radiative transfers and animal-generated heat. Wind directions of 0°, 36° and 56° (0° corresponds to a wind blowing perpendicular to the ridgeline) were investigated; the CFD model predictions achieved a RMSE of 1.2 °C and 0.6 g[H2O] kg?1 [dry air] for internal temperature and absolute humidity, respectively, when air blew with an angle of 36°. Air renewal rates (ARR) were 39.5 (±?1.9), 34.9 (±?2.2) and 33.6 (±?1.7) volumes of the building per hour, when air blew at 0°, 36° and 56°, respectively. Such ARR predictions served to know how the gases contained in air would likely spread downstream from the building in order to define regions of potentially high gas concentration that could endanger neighbouring habitable facilities. 相似文献
2.
Kim Seong Hee Choi Byoung-Young Lee Gyemin Yun Seong-Taek Kim Soon-Oh 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2019,41(1):357-380
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The CO2-rich spring water (CSW) occurring naturally in three provinces, Kangwon (KW), Chungbuk (CB), and Gyeongbuk (GB) of South Korea was classified based... 相似文献
3.
Adelodun Bashir Ajibade Fidelis Odedishemi Ibrahim Rahmat Gbemisola Ighalo Joshua O. Bakare Hashim Olalekan Kumar Pankaj Eid Ebrahem M. Kumar Vinod Odey Golden Choi Kyung-Sook 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(6):2077-2086
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The recent emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the drastic production and use of healthcare and personal protective equipment,... 相似文献
4.
Sang-Sup Lee Seong-Man Mun Won-Joon Choi Byoung-Moo Min Sang-Won Cho Kwang-Joong Oh 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(5):897-902
Aqueous 1,8-diamino-p-menthane (KIER-C3) and commercially available amine solutions were tested for CO2 absorption. A 2-amino- 2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) solution with an addition of KIER-C3 showed 9.3% and 31.6% higher absorption rate for CO2 than the AMP solution with an addition of monoethanolamine (MEA) and ammonia (NH3), respectively. The reaction rate constant for CO2 absorption by the AMP/KIER-C3 solution was determined by the following equation: k2,AMP/C3 = 7.702×106 exp (-2248.03/T). A CO2 loading ratio of the AMP/KIER-C3 solution was also 2 and 3.4-times higher than that of the AMP/NH3 solution and the AMP/MEA solution, respectively. Based on the experimental results, KIER-C3 may be used as an excellent additive to increase CO2 absorption capability of AMP. 相似文献
5.
In this study, chlorine decay experiments were conducted for the raw water from Nakdong River that is treated by Chilseo Water
Treatment Plant (CWTP) situated in Haman, Korea as well as the e uents from sand and granular activated carbon (GAC) filters of
CWTP and fitted using a chlorine decay model. The model estimated the fast and slow reacting nitrogenous as well as organic/inorganic
compounds that were present in the water. It was found that the chlorine demand due to fast and slow reacting (FRA and SRA)
organic/inorganic substances was not reduced significantly by sand as well as GAC filters. However, the treated e uents from those
filters contained FRA and SRA that are less reactive and had small reaction rate constants. For the e uents from microfiltration,
ultrafiltration, and nanofiltration the chlorine demand because FRA and SRA were further reduced but the reaction rate constants were
larger compared to those of sand and GAC filter e uents. This has implications in the formation of disinfection by products (DBPs).
If DBPs are assumed to form due to the interactions between chlorine and SRA, then it is possible that the DBP formation potential in
the e uents from membrane filtrations could be higher than that in the e uents from granular media filters. 相似文献
6.
Scott W. Stine Inhong Song Christopher Y. Choi Charles P. Gerba 《Food and environmental virology》2011,3(2):86-91
The purpose of this study was to quantify the transfer of viral and bacterial pathogens in water used to dilute pesticides
sprayed onto the surfaces of cantaloupe, iceberg lettuce, and bell peppers. The average percent transfer of bacteria was estimated
to range from 0.00021 to 9.4%, while average viral transfer ranged from 0.055 to 4.2%, depending on the type of produce. Based
on these values the concentrations of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Salmonella in water necessary to achieve a 1:10,000 annual risk of infection were calculated. Under worst case scenario assumptions,
in which a pesticide is applied on the same day that the produce is harvested and when maximum transfer values are used, concentrations
of 1.5 × 10−3 CFU Salmonella or 2.7 × 10−7 MPN HAV per 100 ml of the water used for application would result in 1:10,000 annual infection risk to anyone who consumes
the fresh produce. If harvesting does not occur until at least 14 days after the application, to produce the same risk of
infection, the numbers of Salmonella in 100 ml of water used to dilute the pesticides will be greater by up to five orders of magnitude, while the HAV numbers
will have increased by up to two orders of magnitude. Based on the reported concentrations of enteric viruses in surface and
ground waters in the United States, a 1:10,000 annual risk of infection could easily be exceeded with some groundwater sources
used in the United States. To reduce the risks associated with the consumption of fresh produce, water used to prepare pesticides
in spray applications should be evaluated for its microbiological quality. 相似文献
7.
As a remedial option, the natural attenuation capacity of a petroleum contaminated groundwater at a military facility was examined. Hydrogeological conditions, such as high water level, permeable uppermost layer and frequent heavy rainfall, were favorable to natural attenuation at this site. The changes in the concentrations of electron acceptors and donors, as well as the relevant hydrochemical conditions, indicated the occurrence of aerobic respiration, denitrification, iron reduction, manganese reduction and sulfate reduction. The calculated BTEX expressed biodegradation capacity ranged between 20.52 and 33.67 mg/L, which appeared effective for the reduction of the contaminants levels. The contribution of each electron accepting process to the total biodegradation was in the order: denitrification > iron reduction > sulfate reduction > aerobic respiration > manganese reduction. The BTEX and benzene point attenuation rates were 0.0058-0.0064 and 0.0005-0.0032 day-1, respectively, and the remediation time was 0.7-1.2 and 2.5-30 years, respectively. The BTEX and benzene bulk attenuation rates were 8.69 × 10-4 and 1.05 × 10-3 day-1, respectively, and the remediation times for BTEX and benzene were 7.2 and 17.5 years, respectively. However, most of the natural attenuation occurring in this site can be attributed to dilution and dispersion. Consequently, the biodegradation and natural attenuation capacities were good enough to lower the contaminants levels, but their rates appeared to be insufficient to reach the remediation goal within a reasonable time frame. Therefore, some active remedial measures would be required. 相似文献
8.
Natural and anthropogenic influences on heavy metals in airborne particles over the Korean Peninsula
Young Sung Ghim Yongjoo Choi Young-Soo Chang Jeongsoo Kim 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(18):10713-10724
Six monitoring stations were selected to characterize the variations in airborne concentrations of heavy metals in South Korea between 1999 and 2012. Three stations represented higher concentrations, and three represented lower concentrations. The heavy metals monitored at these stations include cadmium, chromium, copper, iron (Fe), lead, manganese (Mn), and nickel. During the study period, concentrations of heavy metals at many stations, including those around the Seoul metropolitan area, showed a decreasing trend. However, concentrations of Mn and Fe that are primarily of crustal origin increased at four of the six stations. Some stations were significantly affected by emissions from the local industrial complex (IC), and heavy metal concentrations at those stations were relatively high even in summer. Many heavy metal concentrations were higher in spring than in winter, but wintertime concentrations of Cr and Pb were higher at the stations representing lower concentrations due to the dominant influence of combustion emissions. At stations less affected by emissions from the IC, concentrations of Fe and Mn that are predominantly crustal in origin were higher in spring, when Asian dust (AD) events are most frequent. Although Mn concentrations were also high at stations within the steelmaking IC during AD periods, they were much higher during non-AD periods due to local emissions. Variations in heavy metal concentrations, which are heavily influenced by emissions from the IC, warrant individual analysis because their emission characteristics differ from those of typical cases. 相似文献
9.
Sangil Lee Yongmoon Choi Jinchun Woo Woong Kang Jinsang Jung 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2014,64(10):1164-1173
Energy supply utilities release significant amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere. It is essential to accurately estimate GHG emissions with their uncertainties, for reducing GHG emissions and mitigating climate change. GHG emissions can be calculated by an activity-based method (i.e., fuel consumption) and continuous emission measurement (CEM). In this study, GHG emissions such as CO2, CH4, and N2O are estimated for a heat generation utility, which uses bituminous coal as fuel, by applying both the activity-based method and CEM. CO2 emissions by the activity-based method are 12–19% less than that by the CEM, while N2O and CH4 emissions by the activity-based method are two orders of magnitude and 60% less than those by the CEM, respectively. Comparing GHG emissions (as CO2 equivalent) from both methods, total GHG emissions by the activity-based methods are 12–27% lower than that by the CEM, as CO2 and N2O emissions are lower than those by the CEM. Results from uncertainty estimation show that uncertainties in the GHG emissions by the activity-based methods range from 3.4% to about 20%, from 67% to 900%, and from about 70% to about 200% for CO2, N2O, and CH4, respectively, while uncertainties in the GHG emissions by the CEM range from 4% to 4.5%. For the activity-based methods, an uncertainty in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) default net calorific value (NCV) is the major uncertainty contributor to CO2 emissions, while an uncertainty in the IPCC default emission factor is the major uncertainty contributor to CH4 and N2O emissions. For the CEM, an uncertainty in volumetric flow measurement, especially for the distribution of the volumetric flow rate in a stack, is the major uncertainty contributor to all GHG emissions, while uncertainties in concentration measurements contribute a little to uncertainties in the GHG emissions.
Implications:Energy supply utilities contribute a significant portion of the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It is important to accurately estimate GHG emissions with their uncertainties for reducing GHG emissions and mitigating climate change. GHG emissions can be estimated by an activity-based method and by continuous emission measurement (CEM), yet little study has been done to calculate GHG emissions with uncertainty analysis. This study estimates GHG emissions and their uncertainties, and also identifies major uncertainty contributors for each method. 相似文献
10.
Akhil N. Kabra Min-Kyu Ji Jaewon Choi Jung Rae Kim Sanjay P. Govindwar Byong-Hun Jeon 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(21):12270-12278
This study evaluated the toxicity of herbicide atrazine, along with its bioaccumulation and biodegradation in the green microalga Chlamydomonas mexicana. At low concentration (10 μg L?1), atrazine had no profound effect on the microalga, while higher concentrations (25, 50, and 100 μg L?1) imposed toxicity, leading to inhibition of cell growth and chlorophyll a accumulation by 22 %, 33 %, and 36 %, and 13 %, 24 %, and 27 %, respectively. Atrazine 96-h EC50 for C. mexicana was estimated to be 33 μg L?1. Microalga showed a capability to accumulate atrazine in the cell and to biodegrade the cell-accumulated atrazine resulting in 14–36 % atrazine degradation at 10–100 μg L?1. Increasing atrazine concentration decreased the total fatty acids (from 102 to 75 mg g?1) and increased the unsaturated fatty acid content in the microalga. Carbohydrate content increased gradually with the increase in atrazine concentration up to 15 %. This study shows that C. mexicana has the capability to degrade atrazine and can be employed for the remediation of atrazine-contaminated streams. 相似文献