Cu2+和Pb2+在BS-12两性修饰膨润土上的吸附及其交互作用

两性表面修饰可以同时提高黏土矿物对有机物、重金属的吸附性能,研究两性修饰土对多种重金属共存条件下的吸附及交互作用对于其应用具有实际意义.采用红外光谱(FTIR)对膨润土(CK)和150BS-12修饰土(150BS-12)吸附金属离子前后进行表征,通过批处理法研究不同比例BS-12修饰膨润土对Cu~(2+)和Pb~(2+)在单一及Cu-Pb复合体系中的平衡吸附特征和差异,并探讨金属离子在修饰土样上的交互作用机制.结果表明,供试土样在单一及复合体系中对Cu~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的吸附量均呈150BS-12 100BS-12 50BS-12 CK的顺序,吸附均符合Freundlich和Langmuir模型; BS-12修饰更有利于Cu~(2+)的吸附,但Pb~(2+)在BS-12修饰土样上的吸附量及选择性系数均大于Cu~(2+); Cu-Pb复合体系中,两种金属离子存在相互拮抗的作用,BS-12修饰在减弱Pb~(2+)对Cu~(2+)的拮抗作用的同时增强了Cu~(2+)对Pb~(2+)的拮抗作用,但Pb~(2+)对Cu~(2+)的拮抗作用仍大于Cu~(2+)对Pb~(2+)的拮抗作用;温度升高、p H升高和离子强度降低均能增加对Cu~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的吸附,但其对两种金属离子的影响程度不同,也导致对金属离子间的交互作用产生影响.     

Spectacular Batesian mimicry in ants

The mechanism by which palatable species take advantage of their similarity in appearance to those that are unpalatable, in order to avoid predation, is called Batesian mimicry. Several arthropods are thought to be Batesian mimics of social insects; however, social insects that are Batesian mimics among themselves are rare. In Malaysia we found a possible Batesian mimic in an arboreal ant species, Camponotus sp., which was exclusively observed on foraging trails of the myrmicine ant Crematogaster inflata. The bright yellow and black colouring pattern, as well as the walking behaviour, were very similar in both species. We observed general interactions between the two species, and tested their palatability and the significance of the remarkably similar visual colour patterns for predator avoidance. Prey offered to C. inflata was also eaten by Camponotus workers in spite of their being attacked by C. inflata, indicating that Camponotus sp. is a commensal of C. inflata. An experiment with chicks as potential predators suggests that Camponotus sp. is palatable whereas C. inflata is unpalatable. After tasting C. inflata, the chicks no longer attacked Camponotus sp., indicating that Camponotus sp. is a Batesian mimic of Crematogaster inflata.