柴油机排放碳颗粒物的催化燃烧

在热天平装置上考察了柴油机和碳颗粒物燃烧催化剂的活性，讨论了样品制备因素对样品失重的影响，这些因素包括碳颗粒物组成、催化剂栽体、催化剂与碳颗粒物质量比，着重筛选了催化剂的组份，得到了组份催化剂ＣｕＣｌ２－ＫＣｏ－ＮＨ４ＶＯ３其５５０℃焙烧后能使样品的Ｔｍ和Ｔｆ值都降低１８０℃以上，并对催化剂的热稳定性进行了研究。  

炼油装置腐蚀适应性评价

介绍了湛江东兴石油企业有限公司开展的装置腐蚀适应性评价情况.根据相关数据及McConomy曲线、API581标准、ASME推荐的方法等和实际腐蚀速率、最小承压壁厚,并将设备管道的实际用材与中国石油化工股份有限公司《加工高含硫原油部分装置在用设备及管道选材指导意见》和设计选材导则进行对比,结合工艺防腐现场情况和专家经验,对炼油装置加工劣质原料进行适应性安全评价,对于存在以及可能存在安全隐患的部位,给出可操作的解决方案.  

高炉旋风灰作为自产喷吹煤粉添加剂的相关研究

为了提高高炉干法除尘布袋的寿命,在重力除尘器和布袋除尘器之间加入旋风除尘装置,得到的旋风灰可以作为煤粉添加剂。对首秦高炉旋风灰进行粒度和化学成分分析,研究发现高炉旋风灰可以降低煤粉着火温度,提高燃烧效率,且其粒度分布与喷吹煤粉相似,可以作为高炉喷吹煤粉添加剂。通过实验室测定煤粉添加不同比例旋风灰后的燃烧率,确定在富氧率为3%,旋风灰添加比例为6%的条件下,可达到最佳的煤粉燃烧效果。旋风灰作为高炉自产的喷煤添加剂,与煤粉混合喷吹可以为企业减轻固废处理负担,同时带来可观的经济效益和社会效益。  

头孢噻肟钠对斑马鱼SOD活性、MDA含量及DNA损伤的影响

研究了不同浓度头孢噻肟钠溶液暴露15 d对斑马鱼肌肉组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)和磷酸化组蛋白H2AX(γ-H2AX)含量的影响.结果表明,低浓度组(1、5 mg · L^-1)暴露时,斑马鱼肌肉组织SOD活性呈现不规则变化;随着暴露浓度增加(25 mg · L^-1),SOD活性在实验初期(3 d)被抑制,后期逐渐被诱导,并在12 d达到峰值;高浓度(125 mg · L^-1)头孢噻肟钠显著抑制了鱼体内SOD活性,6 d时活性达到最小值.进一步测定了斑马鱼肌肉组织中MDA含量的变化,发现其与SOD活性呈负相关性,且在1 mg · L^-1和125 mg · L^-1暴露时尤为明显.在所选暴露浓度,斑马鱼肌肉中γ-H2AX含量均呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势.1、5、25 mg · L^-1浓度组在6 d时达到峰值,125 mg · L^-1浓度组在9 d时达到峰值.随着暴露时间的增加,γ-H2AX含量均降至空白水平,表明鱼体对产生的DNA损伤有自我修复功能.本研究表明,斑马鱼对头孢噻肟钠的氧化胁迫反应可能是导致其DNA损伤的重要机制之一.  

Spatio-temporal variation of landfill gas in pilot-scale semi-aerobic and anaerobic landfills over 5 years

Variation of CH₄, CO₂, and O₂ concentrations in layers of different depths in semi-aerobic and anaerobic landfills was analyzed over a period of 5 years. The results showed that most of the municipal solid waste became basically stable after 5 years of landfill disposal. In the upper and middle layer, the concentration of CH₄ in the semi-aerobic landfill was significantly lower than that in the anaerobic landfill in different landfill periods, while in the lower layer, there was little difference in the CH₄ concentration between the semi-aerobic and anaerobic landfills. The average concentration of CH₄ and CO₂ in the anaerobic landfill was always higher than that in the semi-aerobic landfill, while the O₂ concentration showed an opposite variation in different landfill periods. This was related to the aerobic reaction of landfill waste around the perforated pipe in the semi-aerobic landfill, which inhibited effective landfill gas generation.  

Pollution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in common used mineral oils and their transformation during oil regeneration

The pollution characteristic of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in common used mineral oils, semi-refined oils, refined oils and solid wastes produced during the used mineral oil regeneration process was analyzed. The results showed that total PAHs content in six common used mineral oils was as follows: used engine oil > used quenching oil > used casting oil > used hydraulic oil > used antirust oil > used industrial lubricating oil. Furthermore, this order was dependent on the source of PAHs and oil working temperatures. Additionally, total PAHs content in regenerated oils was as follows: semi-refined oil > refined oil > crude oil, which was related to the catalytic cracking process of crude oil and adsorption refining process of semi-refined oil. The ranking of total PAHs content in regenerated wastes varied depending on the regeneration technology used as follows: waste adsorption sand > acid sludge > waste clay > precipitation sludge > cracked residue. In all types of used mineral oils and regenerated wastes, the maximum and minimum proportions of the total PAHs content were composed of 2–3 ring-PAHs and 5–6 ring-PAHs, respectively. The majority of PAHs in the used mineral oils entered into regenerated wastes during regeneration process, while a small number remained in the regenerated oil.