某铀矿工人头发中总α,总β,铀,钍放射性水平的调查

本文对某铀矿职业工人和非职业工人头发中的总β、总α放射性水平和铀、钍含量进行了分析测定.结果表明,该矿工人体内铀和钍的蓄积量均在正常放射性本底水平范围内,从头发中检验未观察到工人体内铀、钍放射性水平有明显的升高.     

热带海洋环境中BHC和DDT的行为特征研究Ⅰ.中国珠江口区旱季BHC和DDT的含量与分布

本文于1994年11月用气相色谱法研究了旱季珠江口区环境中BHC和DDT的含量与分布。结果表明，表层海水BHC含量为0.187μg/L，DDT为0.080μｇ/L；底层海水BHC为0.117μｇ／L，DDT为0.506μｇ／L。沉积物BHC为11.15×10－9（干），DDT为33.46×10－9（干）。海水中的盐度、DO、C     

电子设计竞赛与大学生创新能力培养

本文探讨了大学生电子设计竞赛对促进实践教学的重要作用，电子设计竞赛对大学生创新能力培养的作用，论述了高校深化实践教学改革与培养学生创新精神、创新能力的必要性。     

页岩气开采对环境的影响及规避方法探讨

目前我国页岩气的开发正处于初级阶段,很多生产关键技术尚不成熟,页岩气开发过程中的废压裂液、甲烷漏失、水资源污染等都将会带来一系列环境问题。针对页岩气带来的环境问题,在对开采区域地质情况充分认识的基础上,通过采用先进的钻完井技术,控制压裂液和甲烷的漏失,减少对地层的破坏和水资源的污染;加强对返排废液处理技术的研究力度,优化处理结果;落实针对页岩气开发与环境保护的法律法规等,规避页岩气开采对环境的影响。在借鉴国外开采经验的同时,建议研发适合我国页岩气储层特点的开采技术,改进已有工艺,创新技术和理论。     

试论生态文明制度体系的构建

建立健全生态文明制度体系是推进我国生态文明建设的重点。党的十八届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》指出,生态文明制度体系应当包括决策制度、评价制度、管理制度与考核制度等内容。立足社会主义制度建设的中国特色,针对我国生态文明建设的具体需求,本文将生态文明制度体系解构为四大板块:绿色高效决策制度、生态有价评估制度、生态环境监管制度与生态优先考核制度,并进一步明确了各项制度构建工作的具体内容。生态文明制度体系的构建和不断完善,将为全面建成人与自然和谐的美丽中国提供系统保障。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定斑马鱼暴露体系4种双酚类环境激素的研究

为评估双酚类环境激素对水环境可能造成的环境影响,建立固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)法测定斑马鱼暴露体系中的双酚C(BPC)、双酚F(BPF)、双酚S(BPS)、双酚Z(BPZ). 对前处理条件进行优化,斑马鱼样品依次采用6 mL乙腈溶液提取,30 min超声萃取及振荡混合,8 000 r/min下离心10 min,重复2次,于?80 ℃冷冻除脂48 h,过滤并用超纯水稀释至500 mL. 采用Generik H2P柱萃取上述鱼样及养殖水体样品,依次用10 mL 10%甲醇水溶液(V/V)淋洗,10 mL甲醇溶液洗脱. 优化参数确定最佳质谱条件,以甲醇-水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾电离、负离子选择反应监控(SRM)模式、同位素内标法进行测定. 结果表明:①固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法的检出限为0.019~0.60 μg/L,定量限为0.06~1.89 μg/L,BPS在0.5~100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 0,BPZ、BPF和BPC在1~100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数在0.998 9~0.999 8范围内. ②在1.5、4.5、15 μg/L双酚类环境激素的添加浓度下,养殖水体中目标物的回收率为91.45%~102.91%,相对标准偏差为1.47%~11.04%,斑马鱼体内目标物的回收率为85.95%~97.45%,相对标准偏差为4.63%~16.36%. ③高浓度暴露组中,鱼体内BPF、BPS、BPC含量约是低浓度暴露组的10倍,而BPZ含量在两组间无明显差异. 研究显示,BPC、BPF、BPS、BPZ短时间内在斑马鱼体内产生了富集,通过分析斑马鱼全鱼样品、养殖水样及实际景观水体样品,证明固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法样品回收率高、检出限低、灵敏度高、重现性好,具有较好的实用性.      

Contamination assessment of arsenic and heavy metals in a typical abandoned estuary wetland—a case study of the Yellow River Delta Natural Reserve

Coastal and estuarine areas are often polluted by heavy metals that result from industrial production and agricultural activities. In this study, we investigated the concentration trait and vertical pattern of trace elements, such as As, Cd, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cr, and the relationship between those trace elements and the soil properties in coastal wetlands using 28 profiles that were surveyed across the Diaokouhe Nature Reserve (DKHNR). The goal of this study is to investigate profile distribution characteristics of heavy metals in different wetland types and their variations with the soil depth to assess heavy metal pollution using pollution indices and to identify the pollution sources using multivariate analysis and sediment quality guidelines. Principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and pollution level indices were applied to evaluate the contamination conditions due to wetland degradation. The findings indicated that the concentration of trace elements decreased with the soil depth, while Cd increases with soil depth. The As concentrations in reed swamps and Suaeda heteroptera surface layers were slightly higher than those in other land use types. All six heavy metals, i.e., Ni, Cu, As, Zn, Cr, and Pb, were strongly associated with PC1 (positive loading) and could reflect the contribution of natural geological sources of metals into the coastal sediments. PC2 is highly associated with Cd and could represent anthropogenic sources of metal pollution. Most of the heavy metals exhibited significant positive correlations with total concentrations; however, no significant correlations were observed between them and the soil salt and soil organic carbon. Soil organic carbon exhibited a positive linear relationship with Cu, Pb, and Zn in the first soil layer (0–20 cm); As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the second layer (20–40 cm); and As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the third layer (40–60 cm). Soil organic carbon exhibited only a negative correlation with Cd (P?I _geo values), which averaged less than 0 in the three soil layers, this finding indicates that the soils have remained unpolluted by these heavy metals. The mean concentrations of these trace elements were lower than Class I criteria. The degradation wetland restoration suggestions have also been provided in such a way as to restore the reserved flow path of the Yellow River. The results that are associated with trace element contamination would be helpful in providing scientific directions to restore wetlands across the world.     

排污权有偿使用与交易制度若干问题探析——以浙江省温州市为例

排污权有偿使用与交易制度是我国一项重要的环境经济政策。文章以温州市为例,从水环境管理视角出发,探讨排污权有偿使用与交易的若干问题。着重分析温州市初始排污权核定与分配的成效、存在的问题和解决途径,利用平均治理成本等方法设计排污权有偿使用价格,研究排污权交易的实现途径。在此基础上,文章提出应探索利用地方立法权制定排污权相关法律法规、完善初始排污权核定与分配方法、优化排污权竞拍机制和实施市场化激励政策等建议。     

长江南通段污染带影响因素研究

通过建立应用贴体坐标系和有限体积法求解的二维水流－水质方程的模型，对潮汐河口南通段污染带的影响因素进行研究。揭示了水深、水面比降、纵向及横向混合系数以及污染物的排放时段与污染带范围的相关关系，并进行了各影响因素的灵敏度分析，对灵敏度大小进行了排序：水深＞水面比降＞横向混合系数＞纵向混合系数＞排放时段。     

基于LMDI方法的广东省生活能源消费影响因素分析

运用对数平均迪氏分解法(LMDI)构建广东省生活能源消费的因素分解模型,定量分析2000~2014年间能源结构、人口规模、居住面积和设备消费等因素的变化对生活能源消费的影响。研究发现,4种因素的累计效应均为正,而采用逐年效应角度观察,设备消费是生活能源消费增加的最大拉动因素,其次为居住面积。基于研究结果,提出降低居民生活能源消费的相关政策建议。