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Cleaning of hollow-fibre polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane with di erent chemical reagents after ultrafiltration of algal-rich
water was investigated. Among the tested cleaning reagents (NaOH, HCl, EDTA, and NaClO), 100 mg/L NaClO exhibited the best
performance (88.4% 1.1%) in removing the irreversible fouling resistance. This might be attributed to the fact that NaClO could
eliminate almost all the major foulants such as carbohydrate-like and protein-like materials on the membrane surface, as confirmed by
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. However, negligible irreversible resistance (1.5% 1.0%) was obtained when the
membrane was cleaning by 500 mg/L NaOH for 1.0 hr, although the NaOH solution could also desorb a portion of the major foulants
from the fouled PVC membrane. Scanning electronic microscopy and atomic force microscopy analyses demonstrated that 500 mg/L
NaOH could change the structure of the residual foulants on the membrane, making them more tightly attached to the membrane
surface. This phenomenon might be responsible for the negligible membrane permeability restoration after NaOH cleaning. On the
other hand, the microscopic analyses reflected that NaClO could e ectively remove the foulants accumulated on the membrane surface. 相似文献
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Alkaline and ultrasonic sludge disintegration can both be used as pretreatments of waste activated sludge (WAS) for improving the subsequent anaerobic or aerobic digestion. The pretreatment has been carried out using different combination of these two methods in this study. The effect was evaluated based on the quantity of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) in the pretreated sludge as well as the degradation of organic matter in the following aerobic digestion. For WAS samples with combined pretreatment, the released COD was in high level than those with ultrasonic or alkaline treatment. When combined with the same ultrasonic treatment, NaOH treatment resulted in more solubilization of WAS than Ca(OH)2. For combined NaOH and ultrasonic treatments with different sequences, the released COD were in the order: simultaneous treatment > ultrasonic treatment following NaOH treatment > NaOH treatment following ultrasonic treatment. For simultaneous treatment, low NaOH dosage (100 g/kg dry solid), short duration (30 min) of NaOH treatment, and low ultrasonic specific energy (7 500 kJ/kg dry solid) were beneficial for sludge disintegration. Using combined NaOH and ultrasonic pretreatment with the optimium parameters, the degradation efficiency of organic matter was increased from 38.0% to 50.7%, which is much higher than with ultrasonic (42.5%) or with NaOH pretreatment (43.5%) in the subsequent aerobic digestion at the same retention time. 相似文献
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Removal of phosphate from wastewater using alkaline residue 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yubo Yan Xiaodong Liu Xiuyun Sun Fangbian M Lianjun Wang Jiansheng Li Jinyou Shen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(5):970-980
Alkaline residue(AR) was found to be an efficient adsorbent for phosphate removal from wastewater. The kinetic and equilibrium of phosphate removal were investigated to evaluate the performance of modified alkaline residue. After treatment by NaOH(AR-NaOH), removal performance was significantly improved, while removal performance was almost completely lost after treatment by HCl(AR-HCl). The kinetics of the removal process by all adsorbents was well characterized by the pseudo second-order model. The Langmuir model exhibited the best correlation for AR-HCl, while AR was effectively described by Freundlich model. Both models were well fitted to AR-NaOH. The maximum adsorption capacities calculated from Langmuir equation were in following manner: AR-NaOH AR AR-HCl. Phosphate removal by alkaline residue was pH dependent process. Mechanisms for phosphate removal mainly involved adsorption and precipitation, varied with equilibrium pH of solution. For AR-HCl, the acid equilibrium pH( 6.0) was unfavorable for the formation of Ca-P precipitate, with adsorption as the key mechanism for phosphate removal. In contrast, for AR and ARNaOH, precipitation was the dominant mechanism for phosphate removal, due to the incrase on pH( 8.0) after phosphate removal. The results of both XRD and SEM analysis confirmed CaHPO4·2H2O formation after phosphate removal by AR and AR-NaOH. 相似文献
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针对容量法测定氢氧化钠气溶胶的不足,研究了对其进行比色测定。实验证明,此法操作简单,灵敏度高、重现性好。可用于监测空气中的氢氧化钠气溶胶的测定。 相似文献
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本文研究处理用硫酸酸化脱氰、再用氢氧化钠除镍含镍氰复杂废水的效果。以工厂废水及实验室所配溶液试验均取得良好效果,可使原料水氰化物从150mg/L降到8mg/L,从镍50mg/L降到4mg/L以下。 相似文献
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该文介绍了用无水乙醇或用氢氧化钠代替N,N-二甲基酰胺作溶剂,配制吡唑啉酮显色剂,在异烟酸-吡唑啉酮测定水中氰化物时的应用及实验结果。 相似文献