洪涝灾害条件下疏散交通生成预测方法

为有助于有关部门更准确预测洪涝灾害受灾民众的疏散量,结合非集计数据和集计数据的优点,提出分区集计数据的概念,设计了受灾区域分区方法,并通过意向偏好(SP)调查法对我国居民在洪涝条件下疏散交通需求数据进行调查。在此基础上,引入BP神经网络建立基于分区集计数据的疏散交通生成预测模型。利用调查数据进行实证分析发现,所设计方法取得了较好的预测效果,鲁棒性较好,平均相对预测误差仅为1.8%,其预测效果明显优于现有的非集计和整集计模型。     

Sustainable Development and Strategic Thinking

From an economic point of view, the industrial economy is efficient to overcome situations of a scarcity of goods. From a technological point of view, the resource efficiency of the manufacturing processes of the industrial economy has been permanently improved during the last 200 years. In addition, cleaner processes have been developed. However, from an ecologic point of view, an increasing world population with increasing consumption has produced a ＂global footprint＂ which approaches the carrying capacity of the planet. A circular economy and its high-value spin-offs-a lake economy and a performance or functional service economy-can fulfil customers＇ needs with considerably less resource consumption, less environmental impairment in production and considerably less end-of-life product waste, especially in situations of affluence, when a considerable stock of physical goods and infrastructures exists. Also, in situations of a scarcity of natural resources, both energy and materials, often characterised by rapidly rising resource prices, the economic actors of a circular economy have a high competitive advantage over the actors of the industrial economy, due to much lower procurement costs for materials and energy. From a social point of view, a circular economy increases the number of skilled jobs in regional enterprises. However, the shift from a linear manufacturing economy to a circular or service economy means a change in economic thinking from flow （throughput） management to stock （asset） management： in a manufacturing economy with largely unsaturated markets, total wealth increases through accumulation as resource throughput （flow） is transformed into a higher stock of goods of better quality （but in a manufacturing economy with largely saturated markets, wealth represented by the stock of goods will no longer increase）; in a circular or service economy, total wealth increases through a smart management of existing physical assets （stock） that are adapted to changes in both technology and customer demand. This second approach not only applies to physical capital but equally to social capital, such as health and education and green GDP. To measure the social wealth of a population, it is not the amount of money spent on schools and hospitals that matters, butif this expenditure has led to a better education of the students, and a better health of the people.     

环境资讯

广东饮用水源地水质达标率年内提高到95％，我国将大力推进物种安全监督管理，第11个“世界荒漠化和干旱日”，2010年我国ODS生产和消费量可为零，生态破坏一年吞食我国GDP的15％，……     

从皮革厂污泥中回收铬的工艺研究

本文介绍了从皮革厂污泥中分离和回收Cr(Ⅲ)的工艺研究。该工艺主要过程包括:在pH1条件下用硫酸溶液提取Cr(Ⅲ),用H_2O_2将Cr(Ⅲ)氧化成Cr(Ⅵ),从某些阳离子中分离出Cr(Ⅵ),最后再将Cr(Ⅵ)还原成Cr(Ⅲ)。根据其规模的大小,对上述每个过程的试验条件都进行了最佳化选择。若全部回收污泥中的Cr(Ⅲ),则必须要控制提取和氧化这2个环节,使提取率和氧化率都达到80％。从分开的废皮革浸洗液中回收Cr(Ⅲ),由于某些阳离子浓度较低,在Cr(Ⅲ)定量氧化方面,(Fe+Mg)/Cr的克分子比率将明显的影响到H_2O_2/Cr的比率。在目前的情况下,估计该工艺的运行费用是污泥掩埋处置的2倍。但若能在皮革废水处理过程中将Fe(Ⅱ)有效地去除掉,就会明显地减少该工艺的成本并提高竞争能力。     

实施ISO_(14000)系列标准势不可挡

本文就目前世界上最新国际系列标准ISO14000做了简要介绍，结合标准说明了实施ISO14000的必要性，并将我国对实施ISO14000的态度做了简单的概括。     

环保在绿色GDP中的涵义功能及意义

阐述环保在绿色GDP的涵义、功能及实现绿色GDP的意义。     

尽快建立滞能专项基金 促进循环经济发展

当前，国家已将节约资源作为基本国策，并提出到2010年万元GDP能耗降低20％的目标。天津市结合实际情况提出到2010年单位地区GDP能耗下降15％以上的目标。在目前节能激励政策力度严重不足的情况下，天津市实现这一目标的确有很大难度，迫切需要建立已经呼吁多年的节能专项基金。     

以科学发展观正视GDP快速增长的负效应

2004年河北省GDP总量已突破8000亿元大关，盘点耕耘收获之余，我们也应当回望发展的得与失。     

修订“城考”指标体系的政策建议

本文根据《国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要》精神和《国务院关于落实科学发展观加强环境保护的决定》要求，并基于对能源、气候变化与环境的研究工作，认为：有必要将“单位GDP能耗”的相关指标分三步纳入“十一五”时期的“城考”必考指标体系。阐述了将“单位GDP化石能源能耗相对指标”和“单位GDP污染物强度相对指标”同时纳入“城考”指标体系。实施协同控制，是城市环境保护工作的发展方向。     

溢油指示物(指标)HPLC-UVD研究

建立了溢油指示物（ 指标）ＨＰＬＣ—ＵＶＤ 相似性模式，给出了溢油指示物（ 指标）ＨＰＬＣ—ＵＶＤ 相似性的择近原则，指出溢油指示物（ 指标）ＨＰＬＣ—ＵＶＤ相似性主要受控于油种、风化和实验误差等因素的影响。结果表明，ＨＰＬＣ—ＵＶＤ 相似性模式可作为溢油指示物（ 指标） 。