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1.
ABSTRACT

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of three organic matters (stalk powder, microbial fertilizer, and manure) on Leymus chinensis germination, growth, and urease activity and available nitrogen (N) in coastal saline soil. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design with eight treatments: J0V0Y0, J1V0Y0, J0V1Y0, J0V0Y1, J1V1Y0, J1V0Y1, J0V1Y1, J1V1Y1. The notations were based on the quantities of each agent added to 1 kg of coastal saline soil: J0 – no straw powder, J1 – 0.2 kg straw powder, Y0 – no manure, Y1 – 0.3 kg manure, V0 – no microbial fertilizer, V1 – 0.2 L microbial fertilizer, each in quantic repeat. L. chinensis was sown as 50 seeds per pot. Results indicated that addition of organic agents exerted a significantly enhanced germination, increase in fresh weight and elevated soil urease activity. Soil available N levels were significantly positively correlated with soil urease activity and fresh weight, but not with germination rate. It is noteworthy that the halophyte L. chinensis showed improved characteristics when grown in coastal saline soil with addition of organic amendments.  相似文献   
2.
近年来,转基因毛状根组织被越来越多地应用于重金属和有机污染物的植物修复技术研究中,已成为进行污染物毒性响应机制研究的便捷的实验室工具。为了探究龙葵、油菜、芥菜3种镉(cadmium,Cd)超富集植物对Cd毒性胁迫响应的差异,以诱导出的3种植物毛状根为研究材料,从毛状根的生长状态、富集Cd的能力、根组织细胞的凋亡程度和抗氧化酶活性等方面进行了探讨。结果表明:Cd浓度为0~50μmol·L-1时,龙葵、油菜、芥菜毛状根受Cd毒害的影响都不明显;Cd浓度为75~100μmol·L-1时,龙葵、油菜、芥菜毛状根均表现出对Cd胁迫的防御响应。在较高的Cd浓度(100μmol·L-1)下,龙葵毛状根的生物量受Cd毒害的影响最小,芥菜次之,油菜受影响最大;同时龙葵毛状根富集的Cd含量最高(745.0μg·g-1),芥菜次之(681.4μg·g-1),油菜最差(505.2μg·g-1)。龙葵、油菜、芥菜毛状根在Cd胁迫下的细胞凋亡水平均随Cd浓度的升高而升高,当Cd浓度为100μmol·L-1时,龙葵毛状根比油菜和芥菜毛状根的细胞凋亡程度均低。同时3种植物毛状根在不同浓度Cd处理下抗氧化酶活性的变化有一定差异。从上述结果综合来看,龙葵毛状根受Cd毒害的影响最小、富集Cd的能力最好,是进一步开展Cd超富集植物转基因改造研究的较好的实验室载体。  相似文献   
3.
The selection and use of low-Cd-accumulating cultivar (LCAC) has been proposed as one of the promising approaches in minimizing the entry of Cd in the human food chain. This study suggests a screening criterion of LCACs focusing on food safety. Pot culture and plot experiments were conducted to screen out LCACs from 35 pakchoi cultivars and to identify the crucial soil factors that affect Cd accumulation in LCACs. Results of the pot culture experiment showed that shoot Cd concentrations under the three Cd treatments significantly varied across cultivars. Two cultivars, Hualv 2 and Huajun 2, were identified as LCACs because their shoot Cd concentrations were lower than 0.2 mg. kg-1 under low Cd treatment and high Cd exposure did not affect the biomass of their shoots. The plot experiment further confirmed the consistency and genotypic stability of the low-Cd- accumulating traits of the two LCACs under various soil conditions. Results also showed that soil phosphorus availability was the most important soil factor in the Cd accumulation of pakchoi, which related negatively not only to Cd uptake by root but also to Cd translocation from root to shoot. The total Cd accumulation and translocation rates were lower in the LCACs than in the high-Cd cultivar, suggesting that Cd accumulation in different cultivars is associated with the Cd uptake by root as well as translocation from root to shoot. This study proves the feasibility of the application of the LCAC strategy in pakchoi cultivation to cope with Cd contamination in agricultural soils.  相似文献   
4.
采用土培盆栽试验和化学分析方法相结合的方法,研究了外源亚硒酸盐和硒酸盐态硒在土壤中的价态转化及其生物有效性,旨在为富硒蔬菜的开发和硒污染土壤的生物修复提供依据.结果表明,当土壤中外源施入亚硒酸盐时,小白菜不同生长时期土壤总硒、Se(Ⅳ)和Se(0)含量均随外源硒浓度的增加显著升高(p<0.05);而当土壤外源施入硒酸盐...  相似文献   
5.
温度和水分对羊草草原土壤呼吸温度敏感性的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法对内蒙古锡林河流域羊草(Leymus chinensis)草原土壤呼吸进行测定,研究了温度和水分条件对土壤呼吸温度敏感性系数Q_(10)值的影响.结果表明羊草草原土壤呼吸与5cm地温具有很好的指数关系(r~2=0.338~0.858,P<0.001~0.08),Q_(10)介于1.15~2.25之间,均值为1.72.Q_(10)值与5 cm地温呈负相关关系(r~2=0.407),而与0~10 cm土壤水分含量呈显著的二次函数关系(r~2=0.872,P<0.05).在较低含水量时Q_(10)值随着水分含量的上升而增大,当土壤水分含量较高时转而减小.以往大多数研究认为Q_(10)值与土壤水分含量呈正相关关系,这可能是土壤水分跨度不足造成的,极端的水分条件对Q_(10)值具有重要影响.  相似文献   
6.
在前期筛选出油青60天菜心和特青60天菜心分别为PAEs高/低吸收累积基因型菜心的基础上,进行邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)不同污染水平的溶液培养试验,对比研究两种基因型菜心的根系形态和生理特性的差异,初步探讨其与菜心吸收累积DEHP的关系.结果表明,随着培养液中DEHP浓度的增加,在根系形态方面,两种基因型菜心根系生物量、总根长和根表面积均下降,油青60天菜心根直径变粗,而特青60天菜心根直径变细;在根系生理特性方面,油青60天菜心除了根系活力下降外,总吸收面积、活跃吸收面积、比表面积和根系脂肪含量均增加,而特青60天菜心除了根系活跃吸收面积增加外,其余指标均下降.因此,两种基因型菜心的根系形态和生理特性对DEHP胁迫响应存在差异.除根直径外,油青60天菜心根系形态和生理指标总体上均高于特青60天菜心,更有利于其根系对DEHP的捕获和吸收.  相似文献   
7.
Organic matter and nutrients in municipal sewage sludge (SS) and chicken manure (CM) could be recycled and used for land farming to enhance fertility and physical properties of soils. Three soil management practices were used at Kentucky State University Research Farm, Franklin County, to study the impact of soil amendments on kale (Brassica oleracea cv. Winterbar) and collard (Brassica oleracea cv. Top Bunch) yields and quality. The three soil management practices were: (i) SS mixed with native soil at 15 t acre?1, (ii) CM mixed with native soil at 15 t acre?1, and (iii) no-mulch (NM) native soil for comparison purposes. At harvest, collard and kale green plants were graded according to USDA standards. Plants grown in CM and SS amended soil produced the greatest number of U.S. No. 1 grade of collard and kale greens compared to NM native soil. Across all treatments, concentrations of ascorbic acid and phenols were generally greater in kale than in collards. Overall, CM and SS enhanced total phenols and ascorbic acid contents of kale and collard compared to NM native soil. We investigated the chemical and physical properties of each of the three soil treatments that might explain variability among treatments and the impact of soil amendments on yield, phenols, and ascorbic acid contents of kale and collard green grown under this practice.  相似文献   
8.
Abstract

Fourteen cultivars of bai cai (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. communis) were grown in the nutrient solutions containing 0–0.5 μg mL?1 of cadmium (Cd) to investigate genotypic differences in the effects of Cd exposure on the plant growth and uptake and distribution of Cd in bai cai plants. The Cd exposure significantly reduced the dry and fresh weights of roots and shoots, the dry weight ratio of shoot/root (S/R), total biomass, and chlorophyll content (SPAD value). Cd concentrations in bai cai ranged from 13.3 to 74.9 μg g?1 DW in shoots and from 163.1 to 574.7 μg g?1 DW in roots under Cd exposure, respectively. The considerable genotypic differences of Cd concentrations and accumulations in both shoots and roots were observed among 14 bai cai cultivars. Moreover, Cd mainly accumulated in the roots. Cd also caused the changes of uptake and distribution of nutrients in bai cai and under the influence of cadmium, the concentration of potassium (K) decreased in shoot and increased in root. However, the concentrations of magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), manganese (Mn), boron (B), and iron (Fe) increased in shoots and decreased in roots. In addition, Cd exposure resulted in an increase in calcium (Ca), sulphur (S), and zinc (Zn) concentrations in both shoots and roots but had no significant effects on the whole uptake of the examined mineral nutrients except for S.  相似文献   
9.
蓝藻藻泥好氧堆肥腐熟后还田是其打捞后资源化利用的主要途径。堆肥后仍有一定数量的微囊藻毒素(microcystin,MC)残留,大量还田是否会对作物生长和人类健康产生安全风险尚不明确。将青菜(Brassica chinensis)暴露于不同MC含量的石英砂和菜地土壤,观测植株生长状况及体内MC含量,并观测不同含量的MC在菜地土壤中的降解速率。结果发现:砂培实验结束时,青菜成株的株高和生物量随着MC暴露浓度的增加而显著降低,而植株地上部MC的含量则显著增加。在MC浓度为0.386mg·kg-1的处理中,青菜地上部MC-LR(L为亮氨酸)和MC-RR(R为精氨酸)的浓度分别达到27.45μg·kg-1(鲜质量)和1.35μg·kg-1(鲜质量)。MC-LR和MC-RR在青菜地上部的富集系数都随着砂培基质中MC浓度的增加而显著降低,且前者显著高于后者。土培青菜生长过程中吸收和累积的MC数量显著小于砂培实验。MC在菜地土壤中降解56d后,MC-LR和MC-RR的降解率均达90%以上。按普通有机肥的一般用量(2.5kg·m-2)施用充分腐熟的蓝藻堆肥成品种植青菜,食用后每人每天摄入的MC含量远低于WHO制定的饮用水中MC的指导值。研究为评估现行蓝藻堆肥工艺中残留的MC对作物生长和生物安全风险提供了科学依据。  相似文献   
10.
Summary. Jasmonic acid (JA) is a wound-related hormone found in most plants that, when applied exogenously, can induce increases in levels of chemical defenses in patterns similar to those induced by mechanical damage or insect feeding. Relative to responses to insect and pathogen attack, chemical responses of herbaceous plants to mammalian herbivore attack have been little studied. In a field experiment, we compared the effects of JA treatment and naturally occurring mammalian herbivory on the expression of trypsin inhibitors, glucosinolates, peroxidase activity and growth of wild mustard (Brassica kaber). Exogenous JA significantly increased trypsin inhibitor activity and glucosinolate concentration, and moderately increased peroxidase activity in the eighth true leaves of five-week-old plants, relative to untreated controls. In contrast, levels of these chemical defenses in the eighth true leaves or in regrowth foliage of plants that had ∼80% of their leaf area removed by groundhogs (Marmota monax) did not differ from that in undamaged and untreated controls. Although exogenous JA significantly elevated levels of chemical defenses, it did not affect height of plants through the season and only slightly reduced time to first flower. Groundhog herbivory significantly reduced height and delayed or abolished flowering, but these effects were not substantial unless coupled with apical meristem removal. We hypothesize that the lack of effect of groundhog herbivory on chemical defenses may be due in part to the speed and pattern of leaf area removal by groundhogs, or physiological constraints caused by leaf area loss. Despite having no effect on chemical defense production, leaf area loss by groundhogs was more costly to growth and fitness than the effects of JA application in this study, but only substantially so if coupled with apical meristem removal. We suggest that in general, costs of defense production in plants are likely to be minimal when compared to the risk of losing large amounts of leaf area or primary meristematic tissue. Thus, if they are effective at deterring herbivory, the benefits of inducible defense production likely outweigh the costs in most cases. Received 20 December 2000; accepted 3 May 2001  相似文献   
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