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1.
珠江磨刀门河口表层沉积物中重金属含量及其分布特征   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
杨蕾  李春初  田向平 《生态环境》2006,15(3):490-494
分析了在珠江磨刀门河口采集的37个表层沉积物样品重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、Hg、As、Ni)的含量及分布特征。采用原子吸收法分析了Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、Ni的含量,采用冷原子吸收法分析了Hg、As含量。结果表明,口门处及其两侧和拦门沙内坡重金属的含量最高;外海区域重金属含量普遍较低;由口内河床至口门处,Cu、Cr、Hg、As的含量减小,Pb、Cd、Zn、Ni的含量逐渐增大;大部分重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、As、Ni)的含量由口门处至拦门沙地区是先减小再增大的;由拦门沙至外海,Cu、Pb、Cd、As的含量减小,Zn和Ni的含量先减小后增大;由口门处至外海,Cr和Hg含量的总体趋势是增大的。磨刀门河口表层沉积物中重金属元素含量与CEC、小于0.001mm粘粒以及沉积物有机质含量的相关性均达到显著或极显著水平;重金属含量与沉积物pH值的相关性不显著;重金属元素的含量变化和分布规律还表明磨刀门表层沉积物的重金属主要受陆源污染物的影响。  相似文献   
2.
Role of buffer strips in management of waterway pollution: A review   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
A buffer strip can perform a multitude of functions, and these include channel stability, a filter for sediment and nutrients, water purification (e.g., bacteria and pathogens), a nondisturbance area, and the provision of terrestrial and stream habitat. These functions are reviewed with specific application to Australian conditions, and methods for modeling their performance are outlined. The primary focus is on the use of buffer strips to minimize waterway pollution from diffuse sources since their use is often justified on this basis. Particular attention is given to the conditions under which a buffer strip will act as an effective filter and the conditions under which it will fail. Buffer strips are most effective when the flow is shallow (nonsubmerged), slow, and enters the buffer strip uniformly along its length. Their sediment trapping performance decreases as the sediment particle size decreases. Nutrients are often preferentially attached to fine sediment. As a result, buffer strips are better filters of sediment than of nutrients. Buffer strips should only be considered as a secondary conservation practice after controlling the generation of pollutants at their source and, to be effective, buffer strips should always be carefully designed, installed, and maintained.  相似文献   
3.
阐述了航道建设项目施工期环境监测的目的和意义,结合污染环节分析,提出了施工期环境监测方案的内容,包括地表水、大气、噪声、生态监测的布点原则、监测项目和频率、分析方法等,以及对环境监测所有环节实施的全程序质量保证与质量控制措施。  相似文献   
4.
Florida’s coasts have been transformed over the past three decades as population growth and unprecedented demand for individual shore access to bays and estuaries led to the creation of residential canal developments. Thousands of miles of channels and basins were dredged as a by-product of this urbanization process. The navigable waterways that resulted are now being stressed by increasing boat traffic and canal-side activities. Recognizing their common goal to preserve the recreational and ecological value of southwest Florida waterways, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, the four-county West Coast Inland Navigation District, and the University of Florida Sea Grant College Program signed a Memorandum of Agreement. The signatories agreed to develop a science-based Regional Waterway Management System (RWMS), which is a new approach to waterway planning and permitting based on carefully mapped channel depths, a census of actual boat populations, and the spatial extent of natural resources. The RWMS provides a comprehensive, regional overview of channel conditions and the geographic distribution and severity of existing impediments to safe navigation and resource protection. RWMS information and analyses result in regional-scale permitting to accommodate water-dependent uses while minimizing environmental impacts and reducing public expenditures. Compared with traditional approaches to waterway management, the science-based RWMS is relatively unbiased, objective, transparent, ecologically sound, and fiscally prudent.  相似文献   
5.
介绍了佛山水道概况、水体功能及水污染现状,对底泥污染物释放影响佛山水道水质的机理进行了分析,在此基础上提出了底泥环保疏浚方案并进行了比选.  相似文献   
6.
ABSTRACT: A continuous simulation approach is proposed for estimating water temperature exceedance probabilities using thermo-hydrodynamic modeling. The approach uses (1) a deterministic unsteady flow and heat transport model, (2) continuous hydrological and meteorological data for a long historical period, and (3) synthetic records of tributary water temperatures and other model inputs. Representative historical records of streamflow, air temperatures, and other hydrometeorological variables are obtained from nearby gages. Stochastic modeling methods are used to construct synthetic records for other model inputs, including inflow water temperatures. An application of this deterministic-stochastic approach is presented for a complex waterway in northeastern Illinois with heat discharges from several power plants and wastewater treatment plants. Statistical results from the continuous simulations are compared to results obtained from traditional event simulations. The application illustrates the information that engineers and biologists can obtain for (1) evaluating compliance with water temperature standards, and (2) assessing the effect of water temperatures on aquatic habitat.  相似文献   
7.
The Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for ammonia and biochemical oxygen demand for the Pee Dee, Waccamaw, and Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway system near Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, mandated a 60-percent reduction in point-source loading. For waters with a naturally low background dissolved-oxygen concentrations, South Carolina anti-degradation rules in the water-quality regulations allows a permitted discharger a reduction of dissolved oxygen of 0.1 milligrams per liter (mg/L). This is known as the 0.1 rule. Permitted dischargers within this region of the State operate under the 0.1 rule and cannot cause a cumulative impact greater than 0.1 mg/L on dissolved-oxygen concentrations. For municipal water-reclamation facilities to serve the rapidly growing resort and retirement community near Myrtle Beach, a variable loading scheme was developed to allow dischargers to utilize increased assimilative capacity during higher streamflow conditions while still meeting the requirements of a recently established TMDL.As part of the TMDL development, an extensive real-time data-collection network was established in the lower Waccamaw and Pee Dee River watershed where continuous measurements of streamflow, water level, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and specific conductance are collected. In addition, the dynamic BRANCH/BLTM models were calibrated and validated to simulate the water quality and tidal dynamics of the system. The assimilative capacities for various streamflows were also analyzed.The variable-loading scheme established total loadings for three streamflow levels. Model simulations show the results from the additional loading to be less than a 0.1mg/L reduction in dissolved oxygen. As part of the loading scheme, the real-time network was redesigned to monitor streamflow entering the study area and water-quality conditions in the location of dissolved-oxygen sags. The study reveals how one group of permit holders used a variable-loading scheme to implement restrictive permit limits without experiencing prohibitive capital expenditures or initiating a lengthy appeals process.  相似文献   
8.
中心城区河道基本消除黑臭的可行性措施和对策   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
概述了上海浦东新区水环境的现状,并对新区黑臭河道的数量、分布和污染程度作了详细的分析,探讨了新区河道黑臭的成因,针对新区已基本消除黑臭的骨干河道和黑臭的中心城区镇(街道)、村级河道分别提出了不同的污染防治可行性措施和对策。  相似文献   
9.
磨刀门水道是珠江水系的主要出海口,也是粤港澳大湾区珠海和澳门等多个城市的重要水源地.于2021年丰、枯两季(8月和10月)对珠海市磨刀门水道13个采样点的水质和受其供水的4个饮用水水源水库群21个采样点水质状况和浮游植物开展了调查,并探究了相关驱动机制.4个水库浮游植物群落结构的解析结果显示,浮游植物共有8门73属150种,种类和相对丰度均以蓝藻、绿藻和硅藻为主,其中大镜山水库(DJS)和杨寮水库(YL)蓝藻在丰、枯两季的相对丰度均超过90%,竹仙洞(ZXD)和竹银水库(ZY)的蓝藻、绿藻和硅藻在不同时期分别占优,且分布较均衡.Shanno-Wiener指数(H)、Pielous均匀度指数(J)和Margalef丰富度指数(D)说明竹银水库的浮游植物生物多样性最丰富,指示水体最优,竹仙洞水库次之,大镜山水库是4个水库中浮游植物多样性最少的水库.PCoA分析表明大镜山水库和杨寮水库浮游植物群落结构具有相似性(P>0.05),且该2个水库和竹仙洞水库、竹银水库均具有显著差异性(P<0.05).冗余分析(RDA)结果显示,硝酸盐氮(NO3-)、总溶解性有机碳(TOC)、总磷(TP)、氯化物(Cl-)和氨氮(NH4+-N)是影响浮游植物群落分布的主要环境因子.研究结果揭示了4个水库浮游植物群落受磨刀门水道输水带来的营养盐外源影响较大,提示应着重改善磨刀门水道水质,以达到改善和预防水库水体富营养化,确保饮用水水源安全的目的.  相似文献   
10.
为支撑跨海大桥建设决策,对拟建桥梁水域通航风险进行预测,采用IWRAP模型对通航风险进行量化,运用分布函数对观测桥梁水域航道/航路船舶流量进行拟合,构建风险分析模型,计算桥梁水域通航风险水平;根据设定桥梁通航标准,类比拟建桥梁水域内已建成桥梁桥区交通流分布情况,预测桥梁建成后船舶流量分布函数并计算通航风险水平,通过对比得出跨海大桥建设带来的通航风险变化。研究结果表明:运用IWRAP模型预测跨海大桥建设的通航风险较为合理。  相似文献   
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