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1.
随着科学技术的发展,工业产品越来越丰富。工业工艺过程、缺氧燃烧、垃圾焚烧和填埋等生产活动,产生了大量的多环芳烃物质。这些物质通过复杂的物理迁移、化学及生物转化反应,进入土壤,严重污染环境,给人类及其生物的安全带来严重危害。如何快速、准确检测土壤中多环芳烃的含量,成为治理污染等相应策略实施的首要条件。当前测定土壤中多环芳烃的前处理方法有加压流体萃取、索式萃取、超声波萃取、微波萃取等。在这些成熟萃取手段中,浓缩又是一个关键步骤。目前浓缩的手段有KD浓缩、氮吹浓缩、旋转蒸发浓缩、旋转与氮吹合用浓缩。本文对四种浓缩手段对多环芳烃中的萘提取液进行浓缩分析比较,并获得了一定结论,望给行业内提供有效的参考意见。  相似文献   
2.
Abstract

Incidents of using naphthalene in olive orchards as a repellent of olive fly (Bactrocera oleae) have recently been recorded. Naphthalene, the primary ingredient of mothballs, is described to be diluted in plastic bottles and hanged on the trees releasing its characteristic odor which is supposed to repel olive fly. Since naphthalene has been characterized as possibly carcinogenic to humans and animals, it was considered essential to monitor olive oils regarding their potential contamination with this specific pollutant. To this goal, a simple, sensitive and reliable analytical method for the determination of naphthalene in olive oil has been developed. The method involves extraction with ethyl acetate: acetonitrile (1:1) and determination of naphthalene using gas chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The method was validated in four fortification levels, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1?mg/kg in accordance with the EU requirements. The obtained results were acceptable as far as validation criteria are concerned, given recoveries between 71% and 87% and RSDs between 5% and 24%. The limit of determination for naphthalene was set at 0.005?mg/kg based on the lowest concentration level being validated with acceptable accuracy. The analytical technique was successfully applied to 75 olive oil samples collected from oil mills in Greece and no positive results of naphthalene were detected.  相似文献   
3.
The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential of an aquatic plant, the water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) devoid rhizospheric bacteria, to reduce naphthalene (a polyaromatic hydrocarbon) present in wastewater and wetlands.The capability of sterile water hyacinth plants to remove naphthalene from water and wastewater was studied in batch systems. Water hyacinths enhance the removal of pollutants through their consumption as nutrients and also through microbial activity of their rhizospheric bacteria.Experimental kinetics of naphthalene removal by water hyacinth coupled with natural rhizospheric bacteria was 100% after 9 d. Plants, decoupled of rhizospheric bacteria, reduced naphthalene concentration up to 45% during 7 d. Additionally, naphthalene uptake by water hyacinth revealed a biphasic behavior: a rapid first phase completed after 2.5 h, and a second, considerably slower rate, phase (2.5-225 h). In conclusion, water hyacinth devoid rhizospheric bacteria reduced significantly naphthalene concentration in water, revealing a considerable plant contribution in the biodegradation process of this pollutant.  相似文献   
4.
超高浓度萘系磺酸染料中间体废液资源化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文介绍了胺盐萃取回收率液中萘磺酸染料中间体的方法,回收率达95%以上,回收浓缩液工艺套用,10t/d废液量的资源化年净效益达580万元,投资费用两个月即可全部收回,采用Langmuir等温方程描述体系中萃取剂用量,待萃物含量和萃取率的关系,使工艺参数的确立和工程设计完全处理指导之下。  相似文献   
5.
环境中萘和甲基萘的气相色谱测定   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
针对发生的甲基萘油车泄漏事故进行了水样和空气样品中萘和甲基萘的测定,水样中直接进样,对空气样品则以甲醇为吸收液吸收,富集,氢火焰毛细管色谱法测定。  相似文献   
6.
光色素作为荧光探针的直接荧光免疫法检测环境中的萘   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以光色素为荧光探针,将其标记到萘抗体上,采用直接荧光免疫分析的方法,对土壤环境中的萘(NA)进行了检测。优化了试验条件,选择洗涤液PBST的pH值为7.40,温育时间为2h,抗原浓度为40.0μg/ml,标记抗体的稀释比为1∶20为最佳的实验条件。在此条件下,得到萘的标准工作曲线。线性范围是1.00×10-7~1.00×10-2 mg/ml,最低检出限为5.03×10-8mg/ml。并将这种方法检测了三种土样(即处理过生活污水、电镀废水以及印染废水的活性污泥)中的萘,回收率在97.53%~107.6%之间,结果令人满意。  相似文献   
7.
实验就N-(1-萘基)-乙二胺二盐酸盐对苯胺类测定的影响进行探讨,结果表明,测定低浓度苯胺类样品时,N-(1-萘基)-乙二胺二盐酸盐的品质对测定产生重要影响,所以测定低浓度苯胺类样品时建议采用进口N-(1-萘基)-乙二胺二盐酸盐进行分析。  相似文献   
8.
The enhanced solubility of petroleum-derived compounds in humic acid solutions is the basis for a new groundwater remediation technology. In this unique pilot-scale test, a stationary contaminant source consisting of diesel fuel was placed below the water table in a model sand aquifer (1.2 x 5.5 x 1.8-m deep) and flushed with water at a flow rate of 2 cm/h over 5 years. At 51 days, laboratory grade humic acid was added to the water and maintained at a level of approximately 0.8 g/l. The addition of humic acid had only a small impact on the aqueous transport of the BTEX components, which were rapidly dissolved from the diesel, but had a large effect on the flushing of PAHs, including methylated naphthalenes (MNs). Binding to aqueous humic acid enhanced the solubilization of MNs two- to tenfold. During aqueous transport, biodegradation of the BTEX and PAHs occurred, limiting the lateral and longitudinal extent of the diesel contaminant plume in the model aquifer. It appears that through enhanced solubilization, the overall biodegradation rate of the MNs was increased. As the various MNs were depleted from the diesel source, the MN plume shrank and then disappeared.  相似文献   
9.
萘在炭质吸附剂上的静态吸附机理   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
通过分析考察试验吸附等温线与Langmuir,BET和Freundlich模型的拟合结果,以及吸附剂的结构参数(比表面积、总孔容积、平均孔径),对萘(Nap)在3种活性炭吸附剂上的静态吸附行为进行了研究.结果表明:3种活性炭吸附剂对萘均表现出良好的吸附能力(吸附量最高可达0.231 1 g/g),改性后活性炭颗粒吸附性能要明显优于原活性炭;萘在活性炭颗粒(AC-a,AC-c)和活性炭粉末(AC-b)上的吸附行为存在差异,在活性炭颗粒上表现为单分子层吸附的过程,而在具有突出比表面积的活性炭粉末上,吸附过程表现出多分子层吸附的特征.Langmuir和BET模型可以分别对萘在活性炭颗粒和粉末上的静态吸附行为进行合理的预测.  相似文献   
10.
A dominant strain named Ochrobactrum sp. was isolated from soils contaminated with coal tar. The batch experiments were carried out to study the co-metabolic degradation of pyrene by Ochrobactrum MB-2 with naphthalene as the main substrate and the effects of several significant parameters such as naphthalene concentration, pH and temperature on removal efficiency were explored. The results showed that Ochrobactrum MB-2 effectively degraded naphthalene and that the addition of naphthalene favored the degradation of pyrene. The maximum elimination efficiency of naphthalene (10?mg?L?1) and pyrene (1?mg?L?1) was achieved at pH 7 and 25?°C, and the corresponding values were 99 and 41%, respectively. A competitive inhibition model based on the Michaelis–Menten equation was used to characterize the inhibitory effect of pyrene on naphthalene degradation. The values of the half-saturation coefficient for naphthalene (KS) and dissociation constant of enzyme-inhibitor complex (KC) were determined to be 4.93 and 1.38?mg?L?1, respectively.  相似文献   
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