基于DPSIR模型的生态港口指标体系研究

生态港口指标体系的建立是生态港口从理论研究阶段进入可操作的实际应用阶段的重要步骤,建立生态港口指标体系的实质就是确定生态港口的具体建设内容和考核标准体系.在生态港口内涵的分析基础上,提出了建立生态港口指标体系的基本框架、原则和方法,并根据"驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应"模型框架,以天津生态港口建设为背景,建立了天津生态港口建设与评价指标体系.     

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Contamination of Surface Sediments from Port Dickson,Malaysia: Distribution,Sources and Ecological Risk Assessment

Distribution and sources of 16 parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in surface sediments from Port Dickson, Malaysia. Total PAHs varied from 481.3 to 976.6 with a mean value of 679.3 ng g^?1 dry weight, which can be classified as moderate level of pollution. The toxic assessment suggested that the PAHs in sediments will not cause immediately adverse biological effects. Both petrogenic and pyrogenic PAHs were recorded in the study area with dominance of pyrogenic. The authors believe that effective monitoring and implementation of environmental regulations have resulted in a tremendous improvement of sediment quality in the Malaysian aquatic ecosystem.     

Modeling perceived collision risk in port water navigation

An increase in the likelihood of navigational collisions in port waters has put focus on the collision avoidance process in port traffic safety. The most widely used on-board collision-avoidance system is the automatic radar plotting aid which is a passive warning system that triggers an alert based on the pilot’s pre-defined indicators of distance and time proximities at the closest point of approaches in encounters with nearby vessels. To better help pilot in decision making in close quarter situations, collision risk should be considered as a continuous monotonic function of the proximities and risk perception should be considered probabilistically. This paper derives an ordered probit regression model to study perceived collision risks. To illustrate the procedure, the risks perceived by Singapore port pilots were obtained to calibrate the regression model. The results demonstrate that a framework based on the probabilistic risk assessment model can be used to give a better understanding of collision risk and to define a more appropriate level of evasive actions.     

Current status and trends of the environmental performance in European ports

This paper investigates the current status and trends over time in the environmental performance of European ports. The research is based on the provision of data from 79 European ports on issues related to their environmental management, environmental priorities and current environmental monitoring practices. This study updates previous environmental reviews, so that the trends over time are drawn. For instance, 90% of respondent ports stated that they have an environmental policy and 94% of ports have designated environmental personnel. The percentage of ports that have an Environmental Management System has increased by +33% in the last 9 years. Air quality, port waste and energy consumption emerged as the three major environmental priorities of the European port sector in 2013. The research also reveals the diversity amongst European ports in terms of size and physical surroundings. Some examples are presented on specific initiatives carried out by sector organisations about the Top-10 port priority issues. The future expectations of European ports on data collection and reporting are described.     

秦皇岛港建设绿色企业文化探析

建设绿色企业文化是秦皇岛港实现绿色发展的前提,对港口的发展有深远的意义和重要作用.秦皇岛港应从强化领导意识、提高职工素质、完善绿色制度体系、构建绿色企业形象等方面入手建设港口绿色企业文化.     

生态型港口综合评价指标体系初探

基于上海市建设生态型城市的长期目标，将港口作为城市生态系统中重要的子系统，对如何建设生态型港口提出了综合评价指标体系。通过筛选得到45项单因素指标，针对不同类型的港区有所分异，整个评价体系分为5个准则层（生态环境、经济效率、污染控制、环境管理、社会评价）和10个因素层（大气/声环境、生物资源、基底质量、经济发展、生产效率、循环经济、污染排放、清洁生产、环保投入、社会参与），并采用AHP（层次分析）法确定了各层次的权重分配。进而根据2005年上海港年均生产状况和2006年上半年的港区环境－资源调查，尝试对上海港7种主要类型（集装箱、件杂货/成品、多用途、干散、粮食港区、液散、客运）的15个港区进行了现状评估。然而，生态港评价系统的指标选取、权重制定、评估级别等实践与完善仍需要多学科和政府职能部门的参与。最后，项目还提出了水生态健康、航道淤积、生态风险、水陆景观等非定量生态港评价因子。     

环渤海地区青岛港港口竞争力分析

青岛港在环渤海港口群中处于重要地位,目前已与大连港、天津港形成了我国北方地区“三港鼎立”的格局.从分析青岛港发展现状与存在问题出发,比较评价了环渤海地区主要港口的竞争力,分析青岛港发展中的竞争优势与不足,探寻提升青岛港港口竞争力的途径与对策.     

Distribution characteristics of dinoflagellate cysts in the Yantian Port,Shenzhen, China北大核心CSCD

An annual quarterly survey of six stations in Yantian Port, Shenzhen, China was conducted from January 2020 to October 2020 to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in the surface sediment of Yantian Port. In total, 36 species representing five groups and two uncertain taxa were identified. The dominant species were Scrippsiella trochoidea, Alexandrium spp., Gymnodinium catenatum, Cochlodinium spp., and Lingulodinium polyedrum. The seasonal difference was not obvious in terms of temporal distribution. The number of species ranged from 32 to 36, and the abundance varied from 297 to 996 cysts/g. The annual average values of the diversity index, richness index, and evenness index were 3.65, 1.55, and 0.93, respectively. The annual number and abundance of heterotrophic species were higher than those of autotrophic species. The number and abundance of species at stations near the dock zone were lower than those near the adjacent area. Notably, six toxic dinoflagellate cysts were found in the surface sediment of Yantian Port, indicating a potential outbreak risk for their vegetative cells in the local coastal area. This study provides a picture of the “Seed Bank” of dinoflagellates near Yantian Port, Shenzhen, and provides a reference value for predicting the occurrence of algal blooms. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

结合在线监测和自动识别系统分析东海沿岸船舶排放特征

海运排放大气污染物对空气质量和气候具有重要影响,但是由于船舶类型及其运行工况的复杂性,人们对船舶排放特征的认识仍然不足.东海沿岸是全球航运活动最为密集的地区之一,汇集了各种国内国际运输船只.选取宁波舟山港作为研究地点,使用在线仪器长时间测量主要的环境大气气体和颗粒污染物,并利用自动识别系统（AIS）,获得每种船舶的速度.根据后向轨迹区分出：1受船舶排放影响主导的时期（夏季风,由处于完全运行或停泊的船舶占主导地位）;2受内陆气流影响主导的时期（冬季风）.结果表明二氧化硫（SO₂）、氮氧化物（NO_x）和黑碳气溶胶（BC）的排放与高速运行的船舶相关,而一氧化碳（CO）可能与较低的运行速度的船舶有关,总颗粒物（PM）与船舶速度没有显著相关关系.主要污染物在巡航工况下的排放增强因子约为怠速工况1~4倍.研究通过对直接环境背景下船舶排放进行原位观测,为评估船舶排放清单提供重要参考.     

基于灰色综合评价的通航安全角度下吴淞口建闸方案优选

将层次分析法与灰色关联分析法相结合,评价吴淞口挡潮闸3个备选方案对通航安全的影响。首先通过专家调查法,并对相关资料进行综合分析,确定吴淞口水闸建设工程方案通航安全影响评价指标,然后运用层次分析法计算各指标权重,最后利用灰色关联分析建立灰色评价模型,得到关联序,定量分析各方案在通航安全影响方面的优劣,得出最优方案,为吴淞口建闸方案的确定提供依据。