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1.
The involvement of the bacterial community of an agricultural Mediterranean calcareous soil in relation to several heavy metals has been studied in microcosms under controlled laboratory conditions. Soil samples were artificially polluted with Cr(VI), Cd(II) and Pb(II) at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 5000 mg kg−1 and incubated along 28 d. The lowest concentrations with significant effects in soil respirometry were 10 mg kg−1 Cr and 1000 mg kg−1 Cd and Pb. However, only treatments showing more than 40% inhibition of respirometric activity led to significant changes in bacterial composition, as indicated by PCR-DGGE analyses. Presumable Cr- and Cd-resistant bacteria were detected in polluted microcosms, but development of the microbiota was severely impaired at the highest amendments of both metals. Results also showed that bioavailability is an important factor determining the impact of the heavy metals assayed, and even an inverted potential toxicity ranking could be achieved if their soluble fraction is considered instead of the total concentration. Moreover, multiresistant bacteria were isolated from Cr-polluted soil microcosms, some of them showing the capacity to reduce Cr(VI) concentrations between 26% and 84% of the initial value. Potentially useful strains for bioremediation were related to Arthrobacter crystallopoietes, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and several species of Bacillus.  相似文献   
2.
目前微生物发酵床养猪垫料是选用木屑、谷壳作为原料,来实现零排放养猪。文章选用农业固体废弃物——蔗渣为垫料应用于零排放漏缝发酵床养猪,跟踪了3个月垫料在实际使用中的温度、有机质、氮、磷、钾、微生物指标,对蔗渣的使用效果进行了评价,并建立PCR反应体系来扩增DNA,利用PCR-DGGE技术对垫料中的微生物群落多样性进行研究。结果表明:蔗渣作为垫料,能使垫床温度控制在4065℃之间,保证了良好的发酵效果、且有效活菌数达到0.22×109cfu/g,可以对猪粪便等有机质进行较彻底的消解,因此蔗渣可以作为一种垫料应用于零排放漏缝发酵床;垫料中总养分达到1.371 7%,使用后的垫料可以作为一种原料生产生物有机肥。  相似文献   
3.
A simulated landfill biocover microcosm consisting of a modifying ceramsite material and compost were investigated. Results show that the mixture can improve the material porosity and achieve a stable and highly efficient (100%) methane oxidation over an extended operating period. The diversity of the methanotrophic community in the microcosm was assessed. Type I methanotrophs were enhanced in the microcosm due to the increased air diffusion and distribution, whereas the microbial diversity and population density of type II methanotrophs were not significantly affected. Moreover, the type I methanotrophic community structure significantly varied with the reactor height, whereas that of type II methanotrophic communities did not exhibit a spatial variation. Phylogenetic analysis showed that type I methanotroph-based nested polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) resulted in the detection of eight different populations, most of which are related to Methylobacter sp., whereas that of type II resulted in the detection of nine different populations, most of which are related to Methylocystaceae. Methanotrophic community analysis also indicated that a number of new methanotrophic genera not closely related to any known methanotrophic populations were present.  相似文献   
4.
利用PCR-DGGE溯源典型农村塘坝饮用水中的污染   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
以华南地区典型农村塘坝饮用水为研究对象,采用基于大肠杆菌的两种特异性基因(β-D-葡萄糖苷酶编码基因uidA和膜外周磷通道蛋白编码基因phoE)的群体差异分析(PCR-DGGE),对饮用水中的污染情况进行了溯源研究.结果表明,采用富集培养的混合菌体DNA作为模板扩增大肠杆菌特异性基因更加实用.uidA和phoE的引物均...  相似文献   
5.
农业废物好氧堆肥中氨氧化细菌的群落结构   总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
应用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术对农业废物好氧堆肥过程中氨氧化细菌(ammonia-oxidizingbacteria,AOB)种群结构随时间的变化情况进行了研究,结果表明,AOB群落的Shannon-Weaver指数初始值为2.58,堆肥结束时为2.02,多样性整体呈下降趋势.通过对部分优...  相似文献   
6.
基于16S rDNA的PCR-DGGE(polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis)技术研究了倒置A2/O(anoxic-anaerobic-aerobic)工艺处理染织废水过程中的微生物群落结构.从兼氧、厌氧和好氧区共取6个不同处理阶段的样品,测量了不同处理阶段样品的COD、pH、NH4+-N、H2S、总磷(TP)、污泥含量(TS)、色度及其脱除率,并分析了这些指标的变化规律.结果显示,COD在处理后期降到了145mg·L-1,NH4+-N的脱除率可达到85%,硫化氢的去除率达到了90%以上,磷的脱除率可达80%以上,TS处于逐渐升高的趋势,色度的脱除率达到65%.DGGE图谱显示,好氧处理阶段的微生物多样性明显比兼氧处理和厌氧处理的阶段的要丰富.  相似文献   
7.
利用PCR-DGGE研究膜生物反应器中微生物的群落结构   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
使用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(PCR-DGGE)考查了天津某再生水处理厂膜生物反应器(Membrane Bioreactor,简称MBR)培养驯化直至正常运行全过程中总细菌群落结构的演替情况.结果表明,在MBR环境中,接种的传统活性污泥中的微生物群落在几天内发生了较大的变化,在进污水驯化时,微生物群落也遭受了冲击,最后经过培养驯化趋于稳定,一些菌种逐渐成长为顶级优势微生物,在反应器内占据主导地位.最终该反应器逐渐形成了自己独有的微生物群落生态系统.另外,对该微生物群落的部分优势总细菌进行了克隆测序和系统发育树分析,通过鉴定获得的10条总细菌的16S rDNA序列,它们分别与气单胞菌属、假单胞菌、亚硝酸菌属、丛毛单胞菌属和杆菌的同源性在97%以上,这些优势微生物在MBR反应器去除有机物的过程中起到了关键的作用.  相似文献   
8.
We used aerated systems to assess the influence of the bacterioplankton community on cyanobacterial blooms in algae/post-bloom of Lake Taihu, China. Bacterioplankton community diversity was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE) fingerprinting. Chemical analysis and nitrogen dynamic changes illustrated that NH4+-N was nitrified to NO2-N and NO3-N by bacterioplankton. Finally, NH4+-N was exhausted and NO3-N was denitrified to NO2-N, while the accumulation of NO2-N indicated that bacterioplankton with completely aerobic denitrification ability were lacking in the water samples collected from Lake Taihu. We suggested that adding completely aerobic denitrification bacteria(to denitrify NO2-N to N2)would improve the water quality. PCR-DGGE and sequencing results showed that more than 1/3 of the bacterial species were associated with the removal of nitrogen, and Acidovorax temperans was the dominant one. PCR-DGGE, variation of nitrogen, removal efciencies of chlorophyll-a and canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the bacterioplankton significantly influenced the physiological and biochemical changes of cyanobacteria. Additionally, the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means revealed there was no obvious harm to the microecosystem from aeration. The present study demonstrated that bacterioplankton can play crucial roles in aerated ecosystems, which could control the impact of cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophicated fresh water systems.  相似文献   
9.
为研究循环水养殖系统(recirculating aquaculture systems,RAS)生物滤池挂膜及运行过程中生物载体上微生物群落结构的变化及其脱氮机制,采用传统微生物培养方法,对不同时期生物载体上的异养细菌、氨氧化细菌及硝化菌进行堵养计数.并通过变性梯度凝胶电泳技术,对细菌的16S rDNA V3可变区的...  相似文献   
10.
为研究间歇运行式生物滴滤池对油漆生产厂废气净化能力,建立一座中试规模生物滴滤池(BTF),接种降解菌群,采用8 h/d运行方式净化某油漆厂包装车间废气,并用PCR-DGGE技术揭示BTF细菌群落结构与工艺运行条件间的联系。油漆厂包装车间废气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)主要为甲苯、乙苯、混合二甲苯(间、对和邻二甲苯),BTF对甲苯、乙苯、混合二甲苯最大去除率分别为88.8%、83.7%和86.3%。DGGE分析显示,BTF稳定运行时,主要优势菌相对丰度较为稳定(F,P>0.05),其细菌多样性显著低于启动期(F,P>0.05);同时,下层填料细菌多样性高于上层填料,其细菌结构变化也较上层明显;另外,提升培养液浓度至2倍和4倍对菌群结构亦无显著影响。  相似文献   
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