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随着药物活性化合物(PhACs)的大量生产和使用,PhACs已成为环境中的一类新污染物.为了调查PhACs在广东省的污染特征,采集了全广东省21个城市,包括178个乡镇及行政区,共186个污水厂的原始污水.采用全自动固相萃取仪和高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱联用仪,分析了污水厂进水中10种典型PhACs的污染水平,全面揭示了PhACs在广东省的空间分布特征,并对PhACs的潜在生态风险进行评价.调查结果表明,全部污水厂均有PhACs检出,各污水厂进水中∑PhACs质量浓度范围为21.00~9 558.25 ng·L-1,其中美托洛尔、对乙酰氨基酚、苯扎贝特和咖啡因是广东省污水厂进水中的主要污染物.在空间分布上,广东省各区域∑PhACs质量浓度平均值呈现出珠三角>粤北>粤东≈粤西的分布特征.根据污水厂的处理工艺,对∑PhACs质量浓度超过2 500 ng·L-1的污水厂的出水质量浓度进行估算,并根据估算的出水进行PhACs的生态风险评价.结果表明,广东省PhACs的生态风险较低,苯扎贝特在韶关、江门和深圳呈现出中风险,∑PhACs生态...  相似文献   
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张晗  董秉直 《四川环境》2011,30(3):104-108
如何有效去除水中内分泌干扰物、医药活性化合物等有机微污染物的研究逐渐增加,其中,纳滤膜由于其较高的去除率得到了广泛关注。但由于纳滤膜去除这些物质的分离机理较为复杂,有时并不明确,给实验带来较大困难。文章总结了纳滤膜去除水中内分泌干扰物/医药活性化合物的典型应用及其三种分离机理——筛分作用、电荷作用、吸附作用,并对去除过程中所产生的问题和解决方案加以总结。为今后纳滤膜去除内分泌干扰物/医药活性化合物的研究提供参考依据。  相似文献   
3.
为降低污水污泥中药理活性化合物(PhACs)产生的环境风险,利用生物方法强化污泥厌氧消化,提高其去除效果.以CFA(氯贝酸)、TCS(三氯生)、DCF(双氯芬酸)、CBZ(卡马西平)4种典型的PhACs为目标污染物,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)定量分析污泥中的目标物,探究外加生物酶联合污泥厌氧消化法强化对PhACs的作用效果.结果表明,随着SRT(污泥停留时间)的增大,目标物的去除率有一定程度的增大,特别是在高温条件下,当SRT由7 d增至20 d时,CFA的去除率增长了45%;木瓜蛋白酶对中高温系统中CBZ的去除效果最佳,分别为63.8%和67.5%,同时对4种目标物总的去除率最高,分别为57.3%和61.8%;添加溶菌酶试验中,4种目标物去除效果差异较大,中温、高温系统中对TCS的去除效果最佳为81.7%和80.9%,去除效果最差的是CBZ,去除率为40.4%和33.5%;纤维素酶处理中,4种目标物的去除率均小于60%.混合生物酶试验中,高温条件下更易去除PhACs.研究显示,生物酶强化污泥厌氧消化能有效去除污水污泥中的PhACs.   相似文献   
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研究了多组分背景下2种煤质颗粒状活性炭D1220、R08S对人尿中4种药活性化合物(PhACs)(1 mg/L)——苯扎贝特(BEZ)、卡马西平(CAR)、布洛芬(IBU)和美托洛尔(MET)——的吸附去除。结果表明,D1220(R08S)对4种PhAC的吸附均符合Freundlich等温式,均为优惠吸附;D1220(R08S)对各PhAC的吸附作用强弱顺序为BEZ〉CAR〉MET〉IBU(BEZ〉CAR〉IBU〉MET);PhACs平衡浓度小于3.01(0.91)μg/L时,D1220(R08S)对4种PhACs中的BEZ的吸附性能最好,平衡浓度大于3.01(1.93)μg/L时,D1220(R08S)则对MET的吸附性能最好;活性炭投加量为2 g/L时,D1220(R08S)对4种PhAC的去除率均在88%以上;总体吸附性能D1220优于R08S。  相似文献   
6.
胶体介质不仅是水环境中污染物一个重要的"汇",还是污染物生物地球化学循环中至关重要的调控单元.本研究利用错流超滤、固相萃取、液相色谱质谱联用仪等前处理和分析检测方法调查了10种典型的药物活性化合物(PhACs)在污水厂尾水受纳河流传统水相中的分布和环境风险水平.结果表明,10种PhACs在水体溶解相和胶体中的含量分别达到27.2~168.1 ng·L-1和164.5~751.1 ng·g-1.布洛芬(IPF)、罗红霉素(ROX)和红霉素(ETM)是两种介质中最为主要的污染物,三者污染浓度占到总浓度的80%以上.胶体对ROX、酮康唑、ETM和舍曲林都表现出较强的吸附性能,胶体/水分配系数(lgKcol)在3.2~4.0之间,吸附率达到21.1%~34.5%.10种PhACs对绿藻、溞和鱼的急、慢性毒性风险评估结果中,仅IPF对鱼类产生高等慢性风险,其余为中等风险及以下.值得注意的是,相对于急性风险来说,更多的PhACs对高等水生生物产生慢性不利影响.  相似文献   
7.
徐鑫磊  刘建超  陆光华 《环境科学》2020,41(5):2239-2246
检测了8种典型的药物活性化合物(PhACs)在污水处理厂尾水受纳河流中的赋存情况.结果显示8种PhACs夏、冬两季总浓度范围分别为27.6~226.4 ng·L~(-1)和56.6~368.8 ng·L~(-1),其中咖啡因的浓度最高(16.2~125.8 ng·L~(-1)),其次是罗红霉素(3.3~89.2 ng·L~(-1))和布洛芬(3.6~59.2 ng·L~(-1)). 8种PhACs对绿藻、溞类和鱼类的总体生态风险(MRQ)在夏、冬两季分别为1.51、 0.08、 5.68和8.34、 0.22、 6.45,其中酮康唑、红霉素和布洛芬对藻类、溞类和鱼类MRQ的贡献率分别达到了49%、 85%和92%以上.从敏感物种来看,冬季绿藻对PhACs最为敏感,夏季鱼类对PhACs最为敏感.环境浓度下PhACs对大型溞21 d混合暴露实验结果显示:混合PhACs能够显著干扰大型溞的生长、生殖情况,显著提升了大型溞生殖能力和游泳活性,降低了心脏和胸肢跳动频率.  相似文献   
8.
Wang S  Gunsch CK 《Chemosphere》2011,82(4):565-572
Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) are commonly found in wastewater influent. However, little research has focused on determining their impact on fundamental processes in wastewater treatment such as nitrogen removal. In this study, focus was placed on 4 commonly occurring PhACs (ketoprofen, naproxen, carbamazepine and gemfibrozil). Their effect was ascertained in the ammonia oxidizing bacterium (AOB), Nitrosomonaseuropaea in terms of membrane integrity and nitrite production. These PhACs were shown to inhibit nitrite production at concentrations of 1 and 10 μM while no effect was observed at 0.1 μM. The maximum observed nitrification inhibition was 25%, 29%, 22% and 26% for ketoprofen, naproxen, carbamazepine and gemfibrozil, respectively. A decrease in the live/dead ratio ranging from 10% to 16% suggests that these PhACs affect membrane integrity in N.europaea. The difference in nitrite production between PhACs treated cells and non PhAC treated controls was still significant following washing suggesting that inhibition is irreversible. Finally, nitrite production when adjusted to the live fraction of cells was also found to decrease suggesting that PhACs inhibited the activity of surviving cells. These results suggest that the presence of PhACs may affect AOB activity and may impact nitrogen removal, a key function in wastewater treatment. Follow up studies with additional AOB and in mixed culture are needed to further confirm these results.  相似文献   
9.
The characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) can significantly affect the degradation of target compounds by the advanced oxidation processes. In this study, the effects of the different hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity fractions, molecular weight (MW) fractions, fluorescence components and molecular components of DOM extracted from municipal wastewater on the degradation of 4 pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), including carbamazepine, clofibric acid, atenolol and erythromycin by the UV/H2O2 process were investigated. The results showed that the degradation rate constants of 4 PhACs decreased dramatically in the presence of DOM. The linear regressions of 4 PhACs degradation as a function of specific fluorescence intensity (SFI) are exhibited during the degradation of 4 PhACs and the SFI may be used to evaluate effect of DOM on target compounds in wastewater. The hydrophobic acid (HPO-A) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on degradation of 4 PhACs during oxidation process. The small MW fractions of DOM significantly inhibited the degradation of 4 PhACs during oxidation process. Among three fluorescence components, hydrophobic humic-like substances may significantly inhibit the degradation of 4 PhACs during oxidation process. At the molecular level, the formulas may be derived from terrestrial sources. CHO compound may significantly inhibit the degradation of 4 PhACs during oxidation process on formula classes. The unsaturated hydrocarbons, carbohydrates and tannins compounds may significantly inhibit the effectiveness of the UV/H2O2 process on compound classes.  相似文献   
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