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1.
The potentially explosive reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and copper chloride (CuCl2) was investigated. Pressure tests revealed that the reaction was strongly temperature - dependent and can easily undergo runaway reaction. Nevertheless, there was only a slight pressure increase at the low temperatures studied or when using low concentrations of CuCl2. Under the conditions generating the slight pressure increase, hypochlorite anions (ClO) are generated and the acidity increases. As the reaction reaches completion, ClO disappears, and the acidity decreases. Interestingly, the addition of phosphate buffer to maintain the weakly acid conditions led to a runaway reaction, and the use of basic ClO promoted the exothermic reaction. Based on the results, acidity has a strong impact on the reaction behaviour.  相似文献   
2.
不同钝化剂对土壤有效态铅和镉含量的影响   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
通过向土壤中添加蚕沙、熟石灰和磷酸二氢钾,研究不同钝化处理对土壤有效态重金属含量、pH值及有机质含量的影响.结果表明:添加蚕沙和熟石灰都能使土壤中高植物有效挂的有效态Pb和有效态Cd大幅下降;其中以单施蚕沙处理效果最优,其对Pb和Cd的钝化效率分别达到36.5%和39.2%,而蚕沙+熟石灰处理钝化效果次之,分别为24.3%和26.9%.磷酸二氢钾的钝化作用不明显.添加熟石灰对土壤pH值影响最大,而蚕沙大幅增加了土壤中有机质含量.经统计分析,土壤pH值、有机质含量都与土壤有效态Pb、Cd含量之间呈负相关,说明通过提高土壤pH值及有机质含量,降低土壤重金属活性是土壤重金属钝化的主要机理.  相似文献   
3.
为研究天然黏土联合磷肥对农田土壤镉铅污染的原位钝化修复效应,在天津市某地开展了田间示范实验,以油麦菜、油菜和萝卜为模式作物,以海泡石、膨润土和磷肥等作为钝化修复材料,研究其对蔬菜可食部位生物量、镉铅含量和土壤中镉铅形态分布的影响,考察其对土壤镉铅污染的原位钝化修复效果.结果表明:磷肥、海泡石/磷肥复配、膨润土/磷肥复配...  相似文献   
4.
The drivers for increasing incineration of sewage sludge and the characteristics of the resulting incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) are reviewed. It is estimated that approximately 1.7 million tonnes of ISSA are produced annually world-wide and is likely to increase in the future. Although most ISSA is currently landfilled, various options have been investigated that allow recycling and beneficial resource recovery. These include the use of ISSA as a substitute for clay in sintered bricks, tiles and pavers, and as a raw material for the manufacture of lightweight aggregate. ISSA has also been used to form high density glass–ceramics. Significant research has investigated the potential use of ISSA in blended cements for use in mortars and concrete, and as a raw material for the production of Portland cement. However, all these applications represent a loss of the valuable phosphate content in ISSA, which is typically comparable to that of a low grade phosphate ore. ISSA has significant potential to be used as a secondary source of phosphate for the production of fertilisers and phosphoric acid. Resource efficient approaches to recycling will increasingly require phosphate recovery from ISSA, with the remaining residual fraction also considered a useful material, and therefore further research is required in this area.  相似文献   
5.
Radioactive and chemical risks coexist in NORM industries although they are usually addressed separately by regulations. The European Union (EU) has developed extensive legislation concerning both matters, which has been diversely reflected in national policies. We consider the case of the Spanish phosphate industry and analyse to which extent regulatory mandates have reduced the historical and ongoing radiological impact on the environment of phosphate facilities. Although no specific radiological constraints on effluent monitoring and release or on waste disposal have yet been imposed on NORM industries in Spain, other environmental regulations have achieved a substantial reduction on the phosphate industry impact. Nevertheless, a more efficient control could be established by eliminating the current conceptual and practical separation of chemical and radioactive risks in NORM industries. We highlight research needs to accomplish so and propose shorter-term measures that require active cooperation among the regulatory bodies involved.  相似文献   
6.
For the removal of phosphate (PO43 -) from water, an adsorbent was prepared via carbonization of sewage sludge from a wastewater treatment plant: carbonized sludge adsorbent (CSA). The mechanism of phosphate removal was determined after studying the structure and chemical properties of the CSA and its influence on phosphate removal. The results demonstrate that phosphate adsorption by the CSA can be fitted with the pseudo second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models, indicating that the adsorption is single molecular layer adsorption dominated by chemical reaction. The active sites binding phosphate on the surface are composed of mineral particles containing Si/Ca/Al/Fe. The mineral containing Ca, calcite, is the main factor responsible for phosphate removal. The phosphate removal mechanism is a complex process including crystallization via the interaction between Ca2 + and PO43 -; formation of precipitates of Ca2 +, Al3 +, and PO43 -; and adsorption of PO43 - on some recalcitrant oxides composed of Si/Al/Fe.  相似文献   
7.
采用粉煤灰、高岭土、泥渣(取电厂澄清池排泥作脱水干燥处理)作为吸附剂深度处理污水中的磷,对比分析了3种吸附剂的吸附速度、吸附性能及除磷效果。结果表明:粉煤灰和高岭土用时20 min完成对磷的有效吸附,沉降泥渣用时5 min即可实现同等吸附效果;沉降泥渣对污水中磷的吸附能力较好,投加量为0.2 g/L的泥渣对磷的去除率可达98.1%,而投加量为0.2 g/L粉煤灰或高岭土对磷的去除率仅达到77.2%。  相似文献   
8.
阐述了3种不同基质(乙酸盐、丙酸盐和葡萄糖)在强化生物除磷系统中的生化模型反应机理.重点介绍了聚磷菌(PAOs)、聚糖菌(GAOs)和产乳酸菌在厌氧/好氧条件下对能量及还原力(NADH2)的利用方式;聚-β-羟基链烷酸盐(PHA)的合成方式及存在形式,糖原、乳酸(L型)的代谢途径等.虽然控制基质条件可以实现稳定的强化生物除磷效果,但目前的生化模型并不能完全解释所有的代谢过程,今后要在分离纯种的PAOs及相关生化代谢过程中酶的活动等方面进行深入研究.  相似文献   
9.
朱斌波 《环境科技》2008,21(5):51-53
总磷是评价水质的重要指标,磷以多种形式存在,随着污水排放标准的不断更新.总磷标准的尺度不相一致。根据国家相关标准和规范,给出了能让已有标准内在联系更加完整和协调的建议.期待环境行政管理部门对废水中总磷排放标准作出更加明确合理的相关规定.  相似文献   
10.
In the 1980s and 1990s, it became increasingly clear that changes in external nutrient loads alone could not entirely explain the severe eutrophication of surface waters in the Netherlands. Nowadays, 'internal eutrophication' has become a widely accepted term in Dutch water management practice to describe the eutrophication of an ecosystem without additional external input of nutrients (N, P, K). This review surveys the principal mechanisms involved in this process. It also discusses possible remedies to combat internal eutrophication.  相似文献   
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