地下水中氯代烃污染原位生物修复精细模拟研究

原位生物修复技术是修复地下水中挥发性氯代烃（VCHs）污染的重要手段之一.精细模拟修复过程是实现高效修复的关键.然而以往多数模拟VCHs修复过程的研究并未全面考虑VCHs自然衰减性质,势必会造成预测误差.因此,本研究针对当前VCHs原位生物修复模型的局限性,提出考虑VCHs自然衰减性质的原位生物修复Monod-Natural attenuation（M-Na）模型.该模型主要将自主开发的M-Na模型的源代码以用户自定义反应模块的形式嵌入到RT3D中.通过注入乳酸提供氢气进行原位生物修复含水层中四氯乙烯（PCE）污染,验证M-Na模型的精确性,并分析了修复过程参数变化（包括乳酸的注入浓度和速率）对修复效果的影响.算例分析结果表明,VCHs的自然衰减作用可以将修复产物乙烯（ETH）浓度提高10%左右,这在VCHs污染修复模拟过程中不可忽略;同时算例中乳酸的最佳注入浓度为30 mg·L^-1,最佳注入速率为200m³·d^-1.本研究成果有望为地下水VCHs污染原位生物修复精细模拟及高效修复提供模型参考.     

挥发性氯代烃在湿润土壤中的平衡吸附研究

吸附是挥发性氯代烃(volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons,VCHs)赋存于土壤的主要机制之一.开展动态吸附实验,研究了4种常见VCHs污染物在我国8种典型土壤中的吸附平衡关系.结果表明,土壤在干燥条件下对VCHs气体的吸附能力要远大于湿润条件,且随含水率的升高吸附能力急剧下降,在含水率达到10%以后土壤吸附量趋于稳定.湿润土壤对三氯乙烯(TCE)、四氯乙烯(PCE)、1,1,1-三氯乙烷(MC)气体的吸附等温线符合Henry型吸附等温式,而1,1,2-三氯乙烷(1,1,2-TCA)符合Freundlich模型.VCHs在湿润土壤中的吸附量总体上与土壤有机碳(soil organic carbon,SOC)含量呈正相关,且受SOC类型和化合物极性影响较大.弱极性的TCE、PCE在土壤中的吸附能力与SOC含量呈严格正相关,而极性的MC、1,1,2-TCA在黑土等高碳土壤中不仅与SOC含量有关,还受到SOC物质组成的影响.建立了TCE和PCE在湿润土壤中的平衡吸附量预测模型,预测值与实测值相关性良好(n=80,R2=0.98).     

Treatability of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbon-contaminated soils of different textures along a vertical profile by mechanical soil aeration: A laboratory test

Mechanical soil aeration is a simple, effective, and low-cost soil remediation technology that is suitable for sites contaminated with volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons(VCHs). Conventionally, this technique is used to treat the mixed soil of a site without considering the diversity and treatability of different soils within the site. A laboratory test was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of mechanical soil aeration for remediating soils of different textures(silty,clayey, and sandy soils) along a vertical profile at an abandoned chloro-alkali chemical site in China. The collected soils were artificially contaminated with chloroform(TCM) and trichloroethylene(TCE). Mechanical soil aeration was effective for remediating VCHs(removal efficiency 98%). The volatilization process was described by an exponential kinetic function.In the early stage of treatment(0–7 hr), rapid contaminant volatilization followed a pseudofirst order kinetic model. VCH concentrations decreased to low levels and showed a tailing phenomenon with very slow contaminant release after 8 hr. Compared with silty and sandy soils, clayey soil has high organic-matter content, a large specific surface area, a high clay fraction, and a complex pore structure. These characteristics substantially influenced the removal process, making it less efficient, more time consuming, and consequently more expensive. Our findings provide a potential basis for optimizing soil remediation strategy in a cost-effective manner.