Effect of quinalphos on blood enzymes and its acute toxicity in bubalus bubalis

Abstract

The acute toxic effects of quinalphos (0,0‐diethyl 0–2‐quinoxalyl phosphorothioata) uere investigated in male buffalo calves. Quinalphos was administered in single oral doses of 5, 7.5, 8.5 and 10 mg/kg body wt. and its effects on erythrocyte and plasma cholinesterases, serum aspartate aminotransferase and blood glucose were studied at various time intervals. The lowest dose (5 mg/kg) produced no apparent toxic symptoms. All the animals given highest dose (10 mg/kg) died within 60–82 hours after dosing. Quinalphos at all the dose levels markedly inhibited the erythrocyte and plasma cholinesterases (68–100%) and significantly elevated the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase and blood glucose. Seven days after the administration of quinalphos, the blood cholinesterases in survivors remained inhibited to the extent of 41–77% whereas the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase and blood glucose were comparable to control values.     

酚试剂和乙酰丙酮法测定空气中甲醛的研究

对测定空气中甲醛的两种分光光度法 -酚试剂法和乙酰丙酮法进行了比较 ,分析两种测定方法的影响因素 ,灵敏度、检出限、测定下限、准确度、精密度、线性范围等进行了对比研究 ,建立了空气中甲醛的采样方法 ,分别应用两种方法对空气中的甲醛含量进行了测定 ,结果一致。     

4种磺胺类药物及乙酰化代谢物在污水处理厂的去除及机制

乙酰化代谢物是磺胺类药物的重要代谢产物.为研究4种常见磺胺类药物及其乙酰化代谢物在污水厂中的去除机制,根据污水停留时间采集厦门某A2/O型工艺污水厂不同处理单元的污水和污泥样品,采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱法检测目标化合物.结果显示,8种目标物中有6种在水体中被检测出,污泥中有5种目标物被检测出.计算总去除率及各个处理单元间的去除率,结果表明,磺胺二甲基嘧啶在污水厂中总去除率几乎为0,而其他5种化合物都有不同程度的去除,但不同目标物在各处理单元的去除率不同.利用质量平衡,分析各物质可能的去除机制,磺胺二甲基嘧啶可能去除机制为污泥吸附,磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶和磺胺甲唑可能的去除机制均为生物降解.     

Prenatal diagnosis of sanfilippo disease type C using a simple fluorometric enzyme assay

A new fluorogenic substrate, 4-methylumbelliferyl β-D-glucosaminide, was used for the assay of acetyl CoA:glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase in chorionic villi, cultured villus cells, and amniocytes. Optimal conditions for the assay and the ranges of enzyme activity were established for the various types of fetal cells. This simple fluorometric assay provides a reliable method for early prenatal diagnosis of Sanfilippo disease type C which is more convenient than current methods using radiolabelled substrates. The method was applied to amniotic fluid cells and fetal fibroblasts from an at-risk pregnancy in which an affected fetus was diagnosed by two-dimensional electrophoresis of glycosaminoglycans in the amniotic fluid.     

Effects of ellagic acid on arylamine N‐acetyltransferase activity in human colon tumor cells

The inhibition of arylamine N‐acetyltransferase (NAT) activity by ellagic acid was determined in a human colon tumor (adenocarcinoma) cell line. Two assay systems were performed, one with cellular cytosols (9000g supernatant), the other with intact colon tumor cell suspensions. The NAT activity in a human colon tumor cell line was inhibited by ellagic acid in a dose‐dependent manner in both types of examined systems: i.e. the greater the concentration of ellagic acid in the reaction, the greater the inhibition of NAT activities in both systems. The data also indicated that ellagic acid decreased the apparent K _m and V _max of NAT enzymes from human colon tumor cells in both the systems examined. This report is the first demonstration which showed ellagic acid affect human colon tumor cell NAT activity.     

同型乙酸菌研究进展及应用前景

同型乙酸菌是一类分布极广、形态差异极大的微生物类群.该类微生物利用厌氧乙酰辅酶A途径合成代谢中间体乙酰辅酶A,即可营自养生活亦可营异养生活;可利用多种物质作电子供体及电子受体,代谢能力强,底物范围广,能够生成多种代谢产物,如乙酸、乳酸、琥珀酸及甲酸;其独具特色的生理代谢特点,具有应用于工业生产的巨大潜力.本文就同型乙酸菌特有的代谢特点及应用前景作一综述.图2表1参18     

Light‐induced changes in rabbit pineal gland n‐acetyltransferase activity

N‐acetyltransferase (NAT) activity was determined in different ages of New Zealand White rabbit pineal gland using 2‐aminofluorene and p‐aminobenzoic acid as substrates and it was assayed by high pressure liquid chromatography. Rabbits of different ages were either sacrificed during the light phase, exposed to darkness or light for 1 min during the dark phase of the lighting cycle, returned to their cages in darkness for 30 min and then sacrificed. Pineal gland NAT activity in animal nocturnally exposed to 1 min of light was inhibited in animals 1 ‐day‐old of age. Nocturnal light exposure did not inhibit enzyme activity in 1‐day‐old rabbit, even though these animal displayed clear light : dark differences in pineal gland NAT activity. Nocturnal light exposure also did not inhibit night time levels of NAT activity in 1‐day‐old animals who had been bilaterally enucleated. The result suggested that this effect is retinally mediated. Pre‐treatment of 1‐day‐old and 60‐day‐old animals with the isoproterenol (beta‐noradrenoreceptor agonist drug), prevented the nocturnal light‐induced inhibition of NAT activity. The different sensitivity of 60‐day‐old and 1‐day‐old animals to different illuminances or durations of nocturnal light exposure, was that the duration or intensity of light exposure was enable to inhibit nocturnal NAT activity. The NAT activity was at least 3.2‐ to 4.6‐fold greater in 1‐day‐old rabbits compared to 60‐day‐old rabbits. Kinetic constants for arylamine NAT activity in pineal gland from rabbits were determined. K_m and F_max values for 2‐aminofluorene were 2.6‐fold higher for light exposure than for no light exposure rabbits. This is the first demonstration of the retina‐pineal gland pathway appears light‐induced changes in pineal glands of animals in 1‐day‐old of ages or older; but this pathway does not function in 60‐day‐old rabbits like manner in 1‐day‐old rabbits.     

Kinetics of acetyl CoA: Arylamine N‐acetyltransferase from rapid and slow acetylator fish tissues

N‐acetyltransferase (NAT) activity was determined in 100 fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) livers using 2‐aminofluorene and p‐aminobenzoic acid as substrates. Overall, the liver NAT activity of the 50 females was higher than the liver NAT activity of the 50 males. The activities (mean ± SD) of NAT from kidney, blood, intestine, and liver of males was 0.42 ± 0.11, 0.12 ± 0.03, 0.12 ± 0.08, and 1.56 ± 0.54 nmol/min/mg protein for the acetylation of 2‐aminofluorene and 0.36 ± 0.09, 0.09 ± 0.01, 0.11 ± 0.04, and 0.46 ± 0.15 nmol/min/mg protein for the acetylation of p‐aminobenzoic acid. In kidney, blood, intestine, and liver from female fish, the activities obtained were 1.60 ± 0.12, 0.35 ± 0.07, 0.15 ± 0.09, and 1.89 ± 0.50 nmol/min/mg protein for 2‐aminofluorene and 0.95 ± 0.11, 0.27 ± 0.03, 0.13 ± 0.09, and 0.57 ± 0.12nmol/min/mg protein for p‐aminobenzoic acid. Kinetic constants for arylamine N‐acetyltransferase activity in kidney, blood, intestine, and liver from fish with rapid, intermediate, and slow acetylator activity were determined. Apparent K _m and V _max values for 2‐aminofluorene were 5.5 and 7‐fold higher for liver than for the other tissues. Apparent K _m and V _max values for p‐aminobenzoic acid were 3.5 and 4.7‐fold higher for liver than for the other tissues. Based on the 2‐aminofluorene NAT activity of liver, there appears to be a polymorphism in NAT activity with 16 rapid, 28 intermediate, and 56 slow acetylators among the 100 fish assayed. This is the first demonstration of acetyl CoA: arylamine N‐acetyltransferase activity in fresh water fish and could lead to the development of a fish model for monitoring the effect of pollution of water environments on native species.     

Paeonol promotes arylamine N‐acetyltransferase activity in human bladder tumor cells

Paeonol was used to determine effects of arylamine N‐acetyltransferase (NAT) activity in human bladder tumor cells. The NAT activity was measured by high performance liquid chromatography assaying for the amounts of N‐acetyl‐2‐aminofluorene (2‐AAF) and N‐acetyl‐p‐amino‐benzoic acid (N‐Ac‐PABA) and remaining 2‐aminofluorene (2‐AF) and p‐aminobenzoic acid (PABA). The NAT activity in human bladder tumor cells was promoted by paeonol in a dose‐dependent manner, i.e. the higher the concentration of paeonol, the higher the promotion of NAT activity. The data also indicated that paeonol increases the apparent values of K_m and K_max from human bladder tumor cells in cytosols and intact cells. This report is the first demonstration to show paeonol did promote human bladder tumor cell NAT activity.     

有机磷农药对不同生物来源的胆碱酯酶选择性抑制的研究

用酶电极法研究了有机磷农药对３种不同生物来源的乙酰胆碱酯酶的选择性抑制,发现敌敌畏对家蝇的ＡｃｈＥ抑制最强,电鳐次之,鸡肝阳弱,同时研究了５种农药对电鳐ＡｃｈＥ的选择性抑制能力,发现９．８×１０＾－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的辛硫磷即可抑制其活性的１０％。