Evaluating soundscape intentions in landscape architecture: a study of competition entries for a new cemetery in Järva,Stockholm

While soundscape is increasingly acknowledged within landscape planning and design discourse, there is little research that clarifies how soundscapes are actually dealt with in landscape architecture practice – partly owing to methodological insufficiencies. This paper, therefore, describes a model for evaluating soundscape treatment in landscape design proposals, focusing on three key aspects. With the dual aim of testing the model, and learning more about how soundscape is approached in practice, the paper spotlights a major design competition for a new cemetery in Sweden. The model proved fruitful and easy to apply. It showed that only limited attention was paid to soundscape in the competition as a whole, and was a useful means of pinpointing proposals where soundscape was fully considered as a design feature; one competition entry that did so is described in the paper. Discussions cover design practice, trends in the competition and model application.     

CTMAB增强调控沉积物(生物膜)吸附BPA的作用

研究了经十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS]、曲拉通(TX-100)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)改性前后的沉积物(生物膜)吸附双酚A(BPA)的能力,并分析了CTMAB在沉积物(生物膜)吸附BPA过程中的增强机理及表面吸附和分配作用在总吸附中的贡献.研究结果表明,三种表面活性剂对沉积物(生物膜)吸附BPA的促进作用大小...     

双极电化学氧化降解水中苯胺

采用钛基氧化物涂层材料（Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5）为阳极,石墨为阴极,在含Fe2＋和不含Fe2＋2种电解质条件下研究了苯胺的电化学氧化降解效率和机制.结果表明,Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5阳极氧化降解有机物的电位约2.0 V±0.1 V,而石墨阴极还原O2生成H2 O2的优化电位为-0.65 V.H2 O2单独作用不能...     

物理气相沉积硬质耐腐蚀磨损防护涂层研究进展

叙述了用物理气相沉积技术制备的硬质耐腐蚀磨损防护涂层的研究进展。重点介绍了腐蚀磨损耦合工况特性和作用机理,单元、多元掺杂氮化物涂层,高熵氮化物涂层,多层、纳米多层、纳米复合、梯度氮化物涂层耐腐蚀磨损性能研究,非金属元素/金属元素掺杂DLC涂层、多层复合DLC涂层耐腐蚀磨损性能研究,并对涂层改性、强化机理和腐蚀磨损失效机制进行了总结。最后,提出了未来物理气相沉积硬质耐腐蚀磨损防护涂层重点发展的方向,应重点发展涂层组元/结构设计、力–电耦合损伤机理研究、高效率研发设计、涂层先进制备装备与评估体系等方面的能力。     

难熔金属表面高温防护涂层研究进展与技术展望

回顾了难熔金属五大高温防护涂层体系的发展现状,即生成保护性氧化膜的金属间化合物涂层、贵金属涂层、生成保护性氧化膜的合金涂层、惰性氧化物陶瓷涂层以及玻璃陶瓷基复合涂层,总结了这些涂层的高温防护机理、制备方法以及失效机制。基于单一的传统高温防护涂层体系已经难以满足新一代高比冲姿、轨控火箭发动机以及高超声速飞行器热端部件对高温防护涂层提出的抗超高温氧化性能、优良的抗热震性能、良好的抗热冲刷(烧蚀)性能以及长服役寿命等性能需求的现状,简要介绍了过渡族金属的硼化物、碳化物等几种潜在的新型高温防护涂层材料体系,以及相应的涂层制备方法,这些新型涂层体系的发展有望满足现代宇航工业难熔金属热端部件的高温防护需求。     

Cf/SiC 复合材料表面 HfO2涂层的制备及其抗热冲击性能研究

目的研究等离子喷涂条件下Cf/SiC复合材料表面HfO_2涂层的物相、显微组织及其抗热冲击性能。方法通过水热合成和喷雾造粒制备出HfO_2粉体,并利用等离子喷涂在Cf/SiC复合材料表面制备HfO_2涂层,研究涂层的物相、显微组织和抗热冲击性能。结果水热合成的纳米HfO_2为单斜相结构,颗粒的平均粒径为10~15nm;等离子喷涂制备的HfO_2涂层组织中存在微裂纹和孔隙,涂层为单斜相结构,且经1350℃热处理后涂层的相结构未发生改变。等离子喷涂的HfO_2涂层与Cf/SiC复合材料基体结合良好,未观察到涂层、基体间界面分离的现象。经1350℃、50周次的空冷热冲击试验后,涂层未发生破坏失效;在1350℃水冷热冲击条件下,热循环20次时涂层表面出现剥落,27次时脱落面积50%。结论通过等离子喷涂制备的HfO_2涂层与Cf/SiC复合材料基体结合良好,涂层能够抵御1350℃空冷、50周次热冲击,且未发生破坏失效,涂层的1350℃水冷热循环寿命达27次。     

航空发动机涡轮叶片热障涂层冲蚀试验装置的研制

目的通过研制热障涂层冲蚀服役环境的模拟装置,来研究冲蚀失效机制。方法通过研制模拟热障涂层高温热冲击的燃气喷枪,在喷枪中设计速度、流量可控的颗粒送料系统,同时在装置中集成裂纹演化实时检测的声发射系统。结果该系统实现了热障涂层冲蚀服役环境的模拟,温度场、裂纹演化损伤参量的同步采集、输出与显示,从而完成了冲蚀服役环境模拟与关键损伤参量实时检测的一体化设计。结论装置能完成热障涂层常温、高温等各种服役温度、各种冲蚀角度、各种冲蚀速度等条件下的模拟试验,并提供较为系统的损伤参量检测数据,为理解热障涂层的冲蚀机理、优化其设计制备提供有效的试验数据。     

基于模糊评价法的建筑安全事故预测模型

针对建筑工程安全领域中许多对象具有"内涵明确,外延不明确"的特点,本文利用模糊数学对建筑安全事故影响因素进行度量,通过层次分析法确定各影响因素权重,提出了一种基于模糊评价法的建筑安全事故预测模型,解决了建筑生产中安全事故的即时预测,并通过实例给予说明,说明了模型在建筑安全事故预测中的有效性和实用性.     

Lead adsorption capacities of different components in natural surface coatings

Pb adsorption capacities of Fe oxide, Mn oxide and organic materials in natural surface coatings (biofilms and associated minerals) collected in three lakes, two ponds and a river in Jilin Province, China and Cayuga Lake in US were studied. A novel extraction technique was employed to remove one or more component(s) from the surface coatings. Pb adsorption to surface coatings before and after extraction was performed to determine the adsorptive properties of the extracted component(s). The statistical analysis of observed Pb adsorption was carried out using nonlinear least squares fitting (NLSF) to estimate the Pb adsorption capacity of each component of surface coatings. For each body of water, the estimated Pb adsorption capacity of Mn oxide( mol Pb/mol Mn) was significantly higher than that of Fe oxide( mol Pb/ mol Fe). The value of estimated adsorption capacities of organic materials with the unit mol Pb per kg COD was similar to or less than that of Fe oxides with the unit mol Pb per mol Fe. Comparison of components of surface coatings in different waters showed that the estimated Pb adsorption capacities of components in surface coatings developed in different natural waters were different,especially for Mn oxides.     

常温酸性腐蚀对热障涂层性能的影响

采用酸性盐雾腐蚀试验对物理气相沉积法制备的热障涂层进行了常温腐蚀,研究了常温酸性盐雾腐蚀对热障涂层的微观形貌以及高温性能的影响.试验结果表明：常温酸性腐蚀使热障涂层表面变得粗糙不平,产生了较大的裂纹.经过150次高温循环氧化后,顶层氧化锆晶粒排列疏松,裂纹进一步扩展,中间层--粘结层氧化速度加快,生成了疏松的TGO层.TGO的体积膨胀效应使得陶瓷/粘结层界面结合力降低,缩短了涂层的使用寿命.