Preliminary studies on potential remediation of acid mine drainage‐impacted soils by amendment with drinking‐water treatment residuals

Mining operations result in a wide range of environmental impacts: acid mine drainage (AMD) and acid sulfate soils being among the most common. Due to their acidic pH and high soluble metal concentrations, both AMD and acid sulfate soils can severely damage the local ecosystems. Proper post‐mining management practices are necessary to control AMD‐related environmental issues. Current AMD‐impacted soil treatment technologies are rather expensive and typically not environmentally sustainable. We conducted a 60‐day bench‐scale study to evaluate the potential of a cost‐effective and environment‐friendly technology in treating AMD‐impacted soils. The metal binding and acid‐neutralizing capacity of an industrial by‐product, drinking water treatment residuals (WTRs) were used for AMD remediation. Two types of locally generated WTRs, an aluminum‐based WTR (Al‐WTR) and a lime‐based WTR (Ca‐WTR) were used. Highly acidic AMD‐impacted soil containing very high concentrations of metals and metalloids, such as iron, nickel, and arsenic, was collected from the Tab‐Simco coal mine in Carbondale, Illinois. Soil amendment using a 1:1 Al‐ and Ca‐WTR mix, applied at 5 and 10 percent rates significantly lowered the soluble and exchangeable fractions of metals in the AMD‐impacted soil, thus lowering potential metal toxicity. Soil pH increased from an extremely acidic 2.69 to a near‐neutral 6.86 standard units over the 60‐day study period. Results from this preliminary study suggest the possibility of a successful scale‐up of this innovative, cost‐effective, and environmentally sustainable technology for remediating AMD‐impacted acid sulfate soils.     

生物因子控制反冲洗对BEAC滤池优势菌稳定性影响研究

针对用于生物增强活性炭工艺(BEAC)中的6株优势菌,利用生物因子研究反冲洗对优势菌群在活性炭表面稳定性的影响,确定适合的反冲洗方式及强度.中试试验表明,气冲强度对BEAC生物膜的影响作用要比水冲洗大,通过比较反冲洗前后优势菌群生物量,确定BEAC滤池启动期采用单独水反冲洗,稳定期采用气水联合反冲洗,优势菌群在活性炭表面的平均生物损失量为15.47%;利用生物量和生物活性的乘积(生物需氧量,BRP)确定最佳反冲洗气强度为8～10 L/(m~2·s),反冲洗前后的生物量和生物活性变化最小;扫描电镜和PCR-DGGE图片结果表明,启动期采用气水联合反冲洗导致优势菌数量减少,稳定期采用气水联合反冲洗可保持优势菌的稳定性,反冲洗前后优势菌在活性炭表面数量变化较小.     

Adsorption of Co(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions by water treatment residuals

A study on the removal of Co(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions by water treatment residuals(WTR)was conducted in batch conditions. The sorption process of Co(Ⅱ) followed pseudosecondorder kinetics, with 30 hr required to reach equilibrium. Using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, a relatively high maximum sorption capacity of 17.31 mg/g Co(Ⅱ) was determined. The adsorption of Co(Ⅱ) was dependent on pH values and was affected by the ionic strength. Results show that Co(Ⅱ) adsorption was a spontaneous endothermic process and was favorable at high temperature. Most of the adsorbed Co(Ⅱ) stayed on the WTR permanently, whereas only small amounts of adsorbed Co(Ⅱ) were desorbed. The shifting of peaks in FT-IR spectra indicated that Co(Ⅱ) interacted with the WTR surface through strong covalent bond formation with Fe(Al)–O functional groups. It was concluded that WTR can be a suitable material from which to develop an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Co(Ⅱ) from wastewater.     

纳滤膜处理含锰废水

采用纳滤膜处理电解锰生产过程中产生的含锰废水,考察了操作压力、阻垢剂和反冲洗等因素对膜通量和各金属离子截留率的影响。实验结果表明:操作压力越大,膜通量越大,且膜通量随运行时间延长下降得越快;在操作压力为2.0 MPa的条件下,纳滤膜对Mg2+的截留率为90.69%,对Mn2+的截留率为89.72%,对Ca2+的截留率最高,达100%;加入阻垢剂后,纳滤膜的膜通量比未加入阻垢剂时的膜通量略大;反冲洗4次后,膜通量均可完全恢复。     

pH对活化前后废弃铁铝泥吸附不同种磷动力学的影响

实验研究了300℃热活化前后的给水厂废弃铁铝泥（R-FARs和H300-FARs）对正磷酸盐、聚磷酸盐和有机磷酸盐的吸附动力学特性,并考察pH对不同磷吸附动力学的影响。结果表明,pH对不同磷吸附动力学过程的影响趋势相似,即低pH有利于吸附。准二级动力学模型能够更真实地反映不同磷在R-FARs和H300-FARs的吸附动力学行为,由拟合结果可知焦磷酸盐和六肌醇磷酸盐的初始吸附速率相对较大,而甘油磷酸盐最小;且活化作用明显提高了不同磷的初始吸附速率,并减弱了pH对初始吸附速率的影响。不同磷的吸附速率受到液膜扩散、颗粒内扩散和吸附反应三者共同控制,其中吸附反应是主要的控制步骤。     

在线NaClO反洗对倒置A2O-MBR系统微生物群落的影响

为研究在线NaClO反洗对MBR系统微生物群落结构的影响,采用倒置A2O-MBR反应器分别经历稳定期、在线纯水反洗及在线NaClO反洗阶段,监测系统运行效果、膜污染状况以及微生物群落结构特征.结果表明,在线NaClO反洗阶段反应器对COD、氨氮、TN等的去除效果与反洗前相差无几.在线纯水反洗后平均膜污染速率较稳定期有所降低,而在线NaClO反洗阶段膜污染速率增加,EPS浓度最高,膜污染加剧. Chao指数、Simpson指数和Shannon指数结果表明,在线NaClO反洗后好氧池污泥的微生物多样性几乎不变,而滤饼层污泥的种群丰度略微升高,但微生物的种群多样性明显降低.好氧池和滤饼层污泥的微生物种群主要以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为主,其次是拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes).经在线NaClO反洗后,好氧池污泥的变形菌门和拟杆菌门种群相对丰度变化很小,而滤饼层污泥的种群组成变化明显,对氯消毒剂有一定抵抗性的变形菌门从53. 4%增加到77. 8%,而拟杆菌门从33. 4%减少至14. 5%.经在线NaClO反洗后,好氧池和滤饼层在科水平微生物群落分布上十分相似,固氮螺菌科、丛毛单胞菌科等相比NaClO反洗前明显增加,那些能够耐受NaClO处理的微生物种可能是在线NaClO反洗阶段膜污染加剧的主要原因.     

Evaluation of nitrogen retention and microbial populations in poultry litter treated with chemical, biological or adsorbent amendments

Poultry litter is a valuable nutrient source for crop production. Successful management to reduce ammonia and its harmful side-effects on poultry and the environment can be aided by the use of litter amendments. In this study, three acidifiers, two biological treatments, one chemical urease inhibitor and two adsorber amendments were added to poultry litter. Chemical, physical and microbiological properties of the litters were assessed at the beginning and the end of the experiment. Application of litter amendments consistently reduced organic N loss (0-15%) as compared to unamended litter (20%). Acidifiers reduced nitrogen loss through both chemical and microbiological processes. Adsorbent amendments (water treatment residuals and chitosan) reduced nitrogen loss and concentrations of ammonia-producing bacteria and fungi. The use of efficient, cost-effective litter amendments to maximum agronomic, environmental and financial benefits is essential for the future of sustainable poultry production.     

孟连,丽江地震前云南天文台时纬残差异常

本文分析了云南天文台光电等高仪自有观测以来的时纬残差异常与云南及其周邻地区大地震的对应关系；并报导了孟连、丽江地震前云南天文台的时纬残差均有明显异常。这再次证明时纬残差的明显异常可为台站周围的强震预测提供可靠信息     

UBAF与纤维球过滤结合工艺应用于污水回用的试验研究

利用升流式曝气生物滤池 (UBAF)与纤维球过滤相结合的工艺对城市污水进行深度处理 ,使其达到回用的要求。结果表明 :对于经过二级处理后的可生物降解性较差的城市污水 ,应用UBAF和纤维球过滤相结合的处理工艺能够取得很好的效果 ,处理后的污水完全可以达到污水排放的一级标准和城市生活杂用水的标准     

浅淡大阻力配水系统的技术改造

大阻力配水系统滤池由于采用穿孔钢管配水 ,而穿孔钢管容易腐蚀、结垢 ,导致孔眼堵塞 ,再若高位水箱反冲强度掌握不当 ,会使承托层和滤料冲洗混乱 ,滤池不能正常运行。针对这一问题 ,湖州市自来水公司与浙江省玉环净化厂联手 ,利用该厂滤板、滤头及有关专利新技术 ,对自来水公司的 6万t/d快速滤池进行改造 ,运行半年来 ,取得了满意的结果。