Novel synthesis blends between bacterial polyesters and acrylic rubber: A study on enzymatic biodegradation

The biodegradability of a multicomponent system based on biotechnological occurring polyester (poly(-hydroxybutyrate-co--hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)) with inclusion of acrylate elastomer (polybutylacrylate) (PBA) was investigated. A bacterium which produced extracellular enzymes that degrades PHBV even when blended with PBA was isolated and tentatively designated asAureobacterium saperdae. It was observed, by morphological investigation, that, while the bacterial degradation was permitted for PBA content of 20% by weight, it was inhibited for PBA content of 30%, owing to the occurrence of a rubbery layer that prevents to the bacteria an easy accessibility in the PHBV-rich regions. In fact, owing the bacterial growth, only PHBV was metabolized, whereas no degradation of PBA was detected for blend samples. It was confirmed that the degradation proceeded via surface erosion of PHBV also in the blends. Finally, mechanical tests on PHBV/PBA specimens as a function of degradation extent have shown different behavior of the blends at different the PBA content. Thermal analysis of blends and PHBV has been reported, too     

热带假丝酵母8953菌株对苯酚的降解特性研究

实验室分离的一株热带假丝酵母(编号为8953)具有较强的苯酚降解能力,并可以利用苯酚、间苯二酚、联苯胺等芳烃为唯一碳源和能源生长。该菌株在48h内可完全降解约14.88mmol/L苯酚,完全降解10.63mmol/L苯酚只需要24h,其降解苯酚浓度最高可达19.13mmol/L。在pH4～9,温度20℃～40℃范围内,苯酚浓度为10.0mmol/L条件下该菌株均保持100%的降解率。该菌株降解苯酚的最适pH范围为6.0～8.0,最适温度范围为28℃～30℃,最佳接种量为1%～3%,外源添加氮源能促进酵母生长和苯酚的降解。     

取代苯甲酸在天然河流中的生物降解及其定量结构--生物降解性相关研究

以天然河流水作为微生物源 ,采用碘量法测定了 2 0种苯甲酸类化合物的 5日生化需氧量 ,并以其占理论需氧量的百分数作为表征生物降解性的参数 ,得出各类取代苯甲酸类化合物的生物降解能力为 :羟基 >氨基 >羧基 >甲氧基 >氯基 >硝基 ;对于同一种取代基 ,对位取代基化合物生物降解能力最大 ,而邻位、间位取代基化合物生物降解能力大体相同。计算了苯甲酸类化合物的分子连接性指数 ,并以 5日生化需氧量占理论需氧量的百分数为参数建立了 QSBR模型。分析结果表明 ,分子连接性指数5Xvpc、5Xp- 5Xvp 能较好地反映取代苯甲酸的生物降解性     

Dimethyl phthalate biodegradation by Dunaliella tertiolecta

Dunaliella tertiolecta has an ability to biodegrade dimethyl phthalate(DMP) was found in this study, and the average of the biodegradation rates were 11.3 mg/(L·d) and 30.5 mg/(L·d), and the average of the phthalic acid (PA) production rates were 1.5 mg/(L·d) and 3.6 mg/(L·d), for initial 100 mg/L and 300 mg/L DMP, respectively. The larger amount of accumulation by D. tertiolecta under higher DMP concentration may be responsible for the increase of biodegradation rate, and one of products of DMP biodegradation by D. tertiolecta may be PA. By fitting the process of DMP biodegradation by D. tertiolecta with a kinetic equation newly suggested, the standard deviations between calculated and observed values were 2.5 mg/L and 5.7 mg/L, respectively.     

Petroleum waste biodegradation with porous biomass support system (PBSS) on rotating biological contactor

A laboratory scale study was conducted to assess the feasibility of the new coupling of rotating biological contactor (RBC) plus porous biomass support system (PBSS) using polyurethane foam as porous support media to biodegrade petroleum refinery wastewater. Polyurethane foam was attached on disks of two four-stage laboratory scale cascade connected RBC units.The two RBC units were operated simultaneously at different but constant, flowrates giving hydraulic loading rates of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 m3/m2/d in two runs keeping the same rotational speed 10 r/min throughout. Organic loading was a less controllable factor in this study.For all of the hydraulic loadings, it was found that the removal efficiency of total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) and oil were above 80 percent. Ammonia nitrogen and phenol removal were above 90 and 80 percent respectively. The maximum biomass concentration within polyurethane foam was about 30 g/m2 in the first stage for 0.03 m3/m2/d hydraulic loading.The results show that t     

Evidence for biodegradation and volatilisation of dissolved petroleum hydrocarbons during in situ air sparging in large laboratory columns

Laboratory column experiments run for up to 13 days compared air sparging of groundwater contaminated by dissolved petroleum hydrocarbons in sterile and non-sterile aquifer sediments as well as uncontaminated sediments and groundwater. Loss of dissolved BTEX compounds in the contaminated columns was very rapid, occurring through volatilisation. The majority of the dissolved total organic carbon (TOC) persisted for much longer periods however. A direct comparison between losses from sterile and non-sterile columns suggested a negligible contribution of biodegradation to the removal of TOC. This was difficult to confirm through examination of O₂ utilisation because oxidation of a small amount of reduced sulphur in the aquifer materials was the dominant sink for O₂. Despite this, it was possible to conclude that less than 22% of the removal of TOC was through biodegradation during the first three days of air sparging.     

Starch- polyvinyl alcohol crosslinked film— performance and biodegradation

Starch-PVOH cast films were prepared with and without crosslinking agent (hexamethoxymethylmelamine) in the absence of plasticizer. Moisture absorption in films without crosslinking agent at a low relative humidity was similar to that of PVOH and increased as the relative humidity increased. Films with crosslinking agent showed moisture absorption linearly proportional to the relative humidity. Significant improvement in resistance to water disintegration for crosslinked starch-PVOH films was observed. While the tensile strength decreased with increased relative humidity, crosslinking significantly improved the tensile strength. Increased PVOH content improved elongation of films even when the relative humidity was 80% or higher. Biodegradation studies revealed that the degradation rate was negatively correlated with the PVOH content in films and crosslinking generated more converged degradation curves. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable.     

酚降解菌株的分离、鉴定和在含酚废水生物处理中的应用

从石油化工厂的活性污泥和废水混合物中分离到10个降解酚的细菌菌株,经16S rRNA基因序列分析,5个菌株(PD1、PD2、PD6、PD7和PD39)被鉴定为假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.),4个菌株(PD4、PD5、PD8和PD9)为不动杆菌(Acinetobacter sp.),1个菌株(PD3)为丛毛单胞菌(Comamonas sp.).对假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)PD39菌株的酚降解特性、最适生长条件、降解底物的范围、儿茶酚1,2-双加氧酶(C12O)和儿茶酚2,3-双加氧酶(C23O)活性、含酚废水的生物处理等,进行了详细研究.结果表明,PD39菌株的最适生长和降解条件是,培养基的起始pH为7.0,培养温度为30℃,酚浓度为800 mg/L,对酚的最大降解浓度为1 200 mg/L.酚浓度为637 mg/L的工业废水经72 h处理酚的去除率达到99.96%.PD39菌株有很好的应用潜力来作含酚废水活性污泥处理系统的强化菌株.     

真菌-细菌协同修复石油污染土壤的场地试验

采用真菌-细菌微生物制剂对中原油田不同类型石油污染土壤进行原位修复小试和中试.第1期场地试验从2004-11-05～2005-03-07,共122 d,柴油、润滑油和石油的TPH降解率分别为61.0%、48.3%和38.3%.中试从2005-05-18～2005-11-03,共历时161 d.人工污染土壤、新鲜型石油污染土壤和陈旧型污染土壤的石油烃降解率分别达到75.0%、46.0%和56.6%,而对照组的降解率分别为15.7%、20.0%和28.0%.分析了修复过程中土壤中石油烃各组分含量的变化,结果表明真菌-细菌微生物制剂对饱和烃、芳烃、沥青胶质及非烃化合物均具有较好地降解能力.分别在修复后的人工污染、新鲜型污染和陈旧型污染地块种植小麦,产量分别为当地正常耕地产量的100%、57.2%和70.3%.本研究进一步证实了真菌-细菌协同修复石油烃污染耕地的可行性及其良好的应用前景.     

假单胞菌N7的萘降解特性及其降解途径研究

应用HPLC和UV分析技术,以萘为代表性多环芳烃污染物,研究了假单胞菌N7对水中萘的降解特性.结果表明,营养盐、微量元素的添加可使萘的降解率提高23.65%;溶解氧高于4.3 mg/L时萘降解率达95.66%并趋于稳定;随萘浓度增加降解率逐渐下降;在中性和弱碱性环境下,降解效果较好,萘降解率均在82.88%以上.在30℃、转速为165 r/min的摇床中处理pH7.5、萘浓度为100 mg/L的水样72 h,其最大降解率为95.66%.通过检测菌株N7处理含不同底物水样时其吸光度、pH和底物的变化情况,证实菌株N7亦能降解甲苯、二甲苯、苯酚、2,4-二硝基苯酚、苯甲酸、1-萘酚和水杨酸,并以其为唯一的碳源和能源生长繁殖,表明该菌株能适应环境中芳烃类物质种类的变化,具有很好的降解多样性.经UV-Vis和GC-MS分析各降解阶段的中间产物,初步确定了该菌对萘的降解途径:一条是邻苯二甲酸途径;另一条是水杨酸途径,萘先被氧化为1,2-二羟基萘,再开环生成水杨酸、邻苯二酚和2-羟基粘康酸半醛,最终进入三羧酸循环(TCA).