上海市河流表层沉积物中的氯酚、溴酚及多环芳烃

应用气相色谱/质谱（GC/MS）分析了上海市黄浦江、苏州河及蕰藻浜表层底泥样品中19种氯酚（CPs）、2种溴酚（BPs）和美国环保局（EPA）优先控制的16种多环芳烃（PAHs）的含量.结果表明,黄浦江底泥中19种CPs的总平均浓度最高（18.3 ng.g-1干重（dw））,苏州河次之（14.8 ng.g-1dw）,蕰藻浜最低（4.44 ng.g-1dw）,而两种BPs的含量相当.4-氯酚（4-CP）和五氯酚（PCP）是占主导的污染物,表明底泥中CPs可能受人类生活生产活动的影响较大;而BPs的来源有待进一步深入的研究.CPs的毒性当量贡献值随着氯原子取代数的增加而增加.底泥中16种PAHs的总浓度范围是132—6800 ng.g-1dw（平均值为3050 ng.g-1dw）.PAHs组成特征及源解析表明,底泥中PAHs主要来自燃烧源.生态风险分析显示,上海市水体底泥中的PAHs均未超过生态风险评价中值（ERM）,表明不存在严重和频发的PAHs生态毒理风险.     

The natural production of organobromine compounds

Organobromine chemicals are produced naturally by an array of biological and other chemical processes in our environment. Some of these compounds are identical to man-made organobromine compounds, such as methyl bromide, bromoform, and bromophenols, but many others are entirely new moleclar entities, often possessing extraordinary and important biological properties. Although only a few natural organobromine compounds had been discovered up to 1968, this number as of early 1999 is more than 1,600, and new examples are being discovered continually. Organobromine compounds are produced naturally by marine creatures (sponges, corals, sea slugs, tunicates, sea fans) and seaweed, plants, fungi, lichen, algae, bacteria, microbes, and some mammals. Many of these organobromine compounds are used in chemical defense, to facilitate food gathering, or as hormones.