高电压电容吸附法处理模拟含盐废水

针对电容吸附除盐法的缺点，通过对电极进行绝缘处理，开发了一种新型高电压电容吸附除盐技术。实验结果表明：增大外加电压，有利于除盐效率的提高；外加电压为60V时，NaCl去除率可达90%以上；增大废水流速对吸附效果不利；反应温度对处理效果的影响不大；在NaCl质量浓度为80mg/L、外加电压为60V、反应温度为25℃、废水流速为36m/s、反应时间为30min的条件下，经一级处理和二级处理后出水的NaCl质量浓度分别为39mg/L和16mg/L，NaCl去除率分别为51.3%和80.0%。     

Penicillin fermentation residue biochar as a high-performance electrode for membrane capacitive deionization

● We have provided an activated method to remove the toxicity of antibiotic residue. ● PFRB can greatly improve the salt adsorption capacity of MCDI. ● The hierarchical porous and abundant O/N-doped played the key role for the high-capacity desalination. ● A new field of reuse of penicillin fermentation residue has been developed. Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) is an efficient desalination technology for brine. Penicillin fermentation residue biochar (PFRB) possesses a hierarchical porous and O/N-doped structure which could serve as a high-capacity desalination electrode in the MCDI system. Under optimal conditions (electrode weight, voltage, and concentration) and a carbonization temperature of 700 °C, the maximum salt adsorption capacity of the electrode can reach 26.4 mg/g, which is higher than that of most carbon electrodes. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties of the PFRB electrode were characterized through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with a maximum specific capacitance of 212.18 F/g. Finally, biotoxicity tests have showed that PFRB was non-biotoxin against luminescent bacteria and the MCDI system with the PFRB electrode remained stable even after 27 adsorption–desorption cycles. This study provides a novel way to recycle penicillin residue and an electrode that can achieve excellent desalination.     

活性炭涂层电极电容去离子的性能

采用活性炭涂层电极构建电容去离子吸附装置,以氯化钠模拟含盐原水,研究电压、流量、进水浓度等操作参数对活性炭涂层电极脱盐效率和能耗的影响。实验结果表明,去除率和比吸附量随着电压的增大而增加,且比能耗随之增大。流速越小,出水的浓度越低,当对出水的浓度要求较高时,宜采用小流速。当进水浓度低于活性炭涂层电极的饱和吸附量时,比吸附量随着进水浓度呈线性增加;当达到饱和吸附量时,比吸附量不会随进水浓度的增大而发生改变;比能耗随着进水浓度的增加而降低。     

高原10kV配电网电缆线路带电作业开断空载线路试验研究

在配电网带电作业接上和断开空载电缆线路时,产生的电弧会危及人身和财产安全。研究试验通过模拟人工带电操作空载电缆线路时的速度,断开距离和容性电流,找到在不同条件下带电断开空载电缆线路的电弧自然熄灭值。     

镍铝层状氧化物薄膜电极的制备及其除盐性能

水滑石不仅是一种重要的水处理吸附剂,而且在超级电容器方面有广泛应用.本研究采用原位生长法,由泡沫镍作为基体并提供镍源,在泡沫镍表面合成了镍铝复合氧化物(Ni Al-MMO)薄膜即类水滑石煅烧产物.所制得的Ni Al-MMO薄膜电极的电化学性质稳定、电容量高,此薄膜电极的单位质量的比电容量可高达667 F·g-1.对此电极进行电容除盐性能研究,结果表明,增加电压和弱碱性p H环境有利于该电极除盐;初始浓度为0.003 mol·L-1的情况下,最佳工作条件为:电压1.0 V、p H值为8,在此时除盐效率可达58.17%.电极反接可使吸附饱和的电极材料迅速再生,脱附率可达87.96%.本研究为废水中盐离子的去除提供了新的技术选择.     

膜法处理精对苯二甲酸精制废水

采用“沉淀—超滤—反渗透—电去离子”工艺处理精对苯二甲酸精制废水,产水作为生产工艺用水回用于生产系统,考察了各工艺单元的操作条件。实验结果表明,在沉淀时间为4 h、超滤膜截留分子量为1 000且采用错流过滤模式、反渗透运行压力为1.8~2.2 MPa且温度控制在25~30 ℃、电去离子单元出水电阻率为5 MΩ·cm的操作条件下,最终出水水质优于GB/T 50109—2014《工业用水软化除盐设计规范》中的二级除盐水指标,可回用为生产工艺用水。     

Thermally chargeable supercapacitor based on nickel-coated nanoporous carbon

Nanoporous carbon is coated by pure nickel via an electroless plating method. The nanoporous carbon provides a high-surface-area substrate, leading to a large capacitance; the nickel surface layer is of a high work function, resulting in a thermally sensitive electrode potential. Such a system is ideal for thermally chargeable supercapacitor (TCS) system, which converts low-grade heat (LGH) to electrical energy. The specific energy per thermal cycle per gram of electrode mass is ~1.8 mJ, with a temperature difference of 50°C.     

Nitrogen-enriched micro-mesoporous carbon derived from polymers organic frameworks for high-performance capacitive deionization

Nitrogenization is an effective method for improving the capacitive deionization（CDI） performance of porous carbon materials. In particular, polymer organic frameworks with heteroatom doping, containing an ordered pore structure and excellent electrochemical stability, are ideal precursors for carbon materials for high-performance CDI. In this study, a nitrogen-enriched micro-mesoporous carbon（NMC） electrode was fabricated by carbonizing a Schiff base network-1 at 500, 600, and 700 °C. Scanning ...     

膜电容去离子电极中导电剂类型及掺杂比对脱盐性能的影响

导电剂种类及其添加量是影响膜电容去离子（MCDI）脱盐性能的重要因素.以活性炭为活性吸附材料,分别选取石墨、碳纳米管和炭黑作为导电剂制备电极,深入探究了3种导电剂及其掺杂量对MCDI脱盐性能的影响.实验结果表明,掺杂适量炭黑和碳纳米管能显著提升电极的吸附容量、脱盐速度及降低脱盐能耗.活性炭与炭黑质量比为8∶1时,电极吸附容量可达15.84 mg·g^-1,比不掺加炭黑时提高了1.15倍;活性碳与碳纳米管质量比为57.6∶1时,电极吸附容量可达12.62 mg·g^-1;但掺杂石墨的活性炭基电极在提升吸附容量、降低能耗上都没有明显变化.动力学拟合结果表明,本研究中掺杂石墨、碳纳米管及炭黑的活性炭基电极材料脱盐过程均符合准二级动力学方程.     

膜电容去离子复合电极处理自来水

采用膜电容去离子技术,对镇江自来水进行处理.确定膜电容去离子装置所需的各种材料,设计并制作复合电极单元.将5个复合电极处理单元串联并进行实验,确定能适应市场需求的装置参数,包括内部结构参数和外部运行参数.实验结果表明,当装置的活性炭纤维比表面积为1 600 m2/g,电极间距为1.5 mm,电压为2.0V时,处理效果较好.流量为350 mL/min时复合电极装置的处理效果比100 mL/min差,但是更符合市场需求.一定范围内的温度变化对该装置去除效果的影响很小.将复合电极单元数从5个增至40个后,离子去除率由12.73％增至62.32％.