Environmental forensic investigation of the air pollution from a cement manufacturing unit

Abstract

Cement manufacturing is a process that results in the emission of significant quantities of suspended particulate matter (SPM) to the ambient air. An environmental forensic investigation was carried out in the surroundings of a major cement manufacturing unit at a place called Coimbatore in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The investigation was carried out to identify the contribution of the cement manufacturing unit to the SPM concentration of the surrounding air environment. The sampling points’ selection and sample collection were done following the principles outlined in the INTERPOL Manual for Pollution Crime Forensic Investigation. On-site monitoring of the air samples was carried out using Mini Laser Aerosol Spectrometer (GRIMM, Mini-LAS Model 11R). The instrument was capable of measuring particles ranging from 0.25 to 32 µm and classifying them into 31 size channels. The test results at majority of the monitoring locations were well above the limits specified in the National Ambient Air Quality Standards of India. Microscopic studies of the dust samples were carried out for surface texture and particle shape. The spatial distribution of particles was analysed using geographic information system (GIS) for the visual identification of the extent of the pollution by keeping the cement factory as the focal point. The results from the GIS and microscopic analysis established the role of the cement factory in the particulate matter pollution of its surroundings, specifically in the areas North-West of the factory. The successfully adopted procedure can serve as a guideline for the environmental forensic investigation of similar pollution incidences.     

基于生产工艺的水泥工业项目竣工环保验收监测重点分析研究

基于水泥工业的生产工艺特点,说明新型干法生产时代,水泥生产的主要产污环节及特征污染物,并分析其对生态环境的影响和危害,表明该行业属高能耗、高污染的产能过剩行业.根据建设项目竣工环境保护验收规范要求和工作实践经验,结合生产工艺、特征污染物和污染物总量控制等要求,从废水监测、废气监测、噪声监测等方面阐明水泥行业项目竣工环保验收的侧重点和注意事项,并指出污染防治设施、总量控制等几方面应重点关注的问题.     

企业低碳制造战略分类研究:以水泥企业为例

随着气候变化加剧,低碳发展已成为政府和学者关注的重要议题。降低工业碳排放成为实现我国经济可持续发展的当务之急。低碳制造战略是工业企业实现战略转型、应对碳排放约束和提升市场竞争力的可行策略之一,但企业低碳制造战略的研究正处于起步阶段,还缺乏低碳制造战略类型的认识。为此,本文在拓展企业制造战略竞争优先权结构要素的基础上,增加能源利用率和单位产品二氧化碳排放量为竞争优先权结构要素,构建低碳制造战略竞争优先权分类指标,由此探索企业低碳制造战略类型。本文以国内22个省(自治区、直辖市)所辖的137家水泥企业为研究对象,运用聚类分析方法,识别企业低碳制造战略的类型,结果表明:企业低碳制造战略可划分为三种类型,分别是设计者、看守者和低碳践行者。研究结果不仅有助于深入了解水泥企业低碳制造战略特点,为我国水泥企业低碳制造战略制定和实施提供决策依据,而且其理论成果也可推广至其他高耗能产业,创新引导企业有效实施基于产品全生命周期的企业低碳制造战略。     

Preparation and performance of arsenate (V) adsorbents derived from concrete wastes

Solid adsorbent materials, prepared from waste cement powder and concrete sludge were assessed for removal of arsenic in the form of arsenic (As(V)) from water. All the materials exhibited arsenic removal capacity when added to distilled water containing 10–700 mg/L arsenic. The arsenic removal isotherms were expressed by the Langmuir type equations, and the highest removal capacity was observed for the adsorbent prepared from concrete sludge with heat treatment at 105 °C, the maximum removal capacity being 175 mg-As(V)/g. Based on changes in arsenic and calcium ion concentrations, and solution pH, the removal mechanism for arsenic was considered to involve the precipitation of calcium arsenate, Ca₃(AsO₄)₂. The enhanced removal of arsenic for the adsorbent prepared from concrete sludge with heat treatment was thought to reflect ion exchange by ettringite. The prepared adsorbents, derived from waste cement and concrete using simple procedures, may offer a cost effective approach for arsenic removal and clean-up of contaminated waters, especially in developing countries.     

间歇浸取对废物水泥窑共处置产品中Cr和As释放的影响

研究间歇浸取条件下废物水泥窑共处置产品中重金属Cr、As的释放,对水泥产品在实际应用中的环境安全性评价有重要意义.通过模拟煅烧实验制取含Cr和As的水泥熟料,并制取混凝土样品,采用pH影响实验和扩散浸出实验,研究了混凝土中Cr和As的溶解特性及其间歇浸取对混凝土中Cr和As释放的影响.结果表明,浸取方式对浸取液pH有较...     

水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的汞排放特性及管控措施探讨

生活垃圾焚烧飞灰资源化利用主要途径之一是作为生产水泥原料。飞灰中富集了高浓度的汞、镉、铅等重金属。新型水泥窑的工艺特点导致高挥发性的汞无法固化在水泥熟料中,汞主要随烟气外排。当水泥窑处置飞灰规模较大、飞灰中汞含量较高时,如不采取控制措施,会导致水泥窑排放烟气中汞浓度超过标准限值。分别从机理分析、数据统计演算及实际检测结果多方面进行了验证,提出应加强对水泥窑协同处置飞灰过程中汞污染的认识及监督管理,探索有效的汞排放控制途径,确保汞排放达标。     

高铝粉煤灰提取氧化铝后硅钙渣用作水泥混合材

为了使高铝粉煤灰提取氧化铝后所产生的硅钙渣被大量的用作水泥混合材,通过水泥强度、水化放热和干缩性实验研究了原状硅钙渣和脱碱硅钙渣对水泥强度和稳定性的影响。结果表明,当硅钙渣掺量达30%时,硅钙渣水泥强度仍可满足P·C 32.5水泥要求。且随硅钙渣掺入量的增加,水泥早期水化放热速率增加的同时水泥累计水化放热量和干缩率还会显著降低。与原状硅钙渣相比,在同等掺量的情况下,脱碱硅钙渣更有利于保持水泥强度,降低其水化热和改善干缩性。     

水泥厂煤粉制备系统袋除尘器的选型及应用

本文介绍了煤粉制备系统含尘废气的特性及治理技术的发展与应用，并从袋除尘器类型的确定、处理风量的确定、过滤风速的选取、过滤面积的计算和除尘器规格的选取等方面介绍了煤磨袋除尘器的选型，以及FGM（M）型气箱脉冲防爆袋除尘器、MMC型脉冲喷吹防爆袋除尘器和LPMC型低阻高效防爆袋除尘器在煤粉制备系统除尘中的应用推广情况。     

对水泥企业生产环境负荷之浅析

基于生命周期理论，采用CNI环境影响评价方法对我国水泥生产的环境负荷进行了定量分析。结果表明：水泥生产的环境影响主要体现在温室效应、不可再生能源消耗和不可再生资源消耗，其环境负荷分别占对应环境影响类型世界总负荷的2.76％，2.34％和1.39％，2006年我国水泥生产的环境负荷约占世界总负荷的1.28％，其中，立窑生产工艺、湿法回转窑生产工艺和新型干法生产工艺的环境负荷分别为0.84％，0.12％和0.32％。通过行业结构调整，用新型干法生产工艺取代其他落后的生产工艺，可使我国水泥生产的环境负荷降至世界总负荷的1％左右。     

张店区水泥行业发展策略

调查发现，张店区水泥行业整体经营粗放，资源、能源消耗高，综合利用水平低，生产能力落后，其生产对环境造成了严重的粉尘、废气和噪声污染。基于此基本情况，根据水泥行业产业政策，建议张店区水泥行业进行工艺创新、材料创新，完善水泥产业链，环保部门要加大监察力度。