铝、铁共聚作用的化学特征及晶貌研究

通过对铝，铁水解共聚物的合成制备及其水解共聚合过程电位滴定的研究，并通过扫描电镜对其共聚物样品的晶貌观测，ｎＡｌ／ｎＦｅ的点能谱及结构组成的红外光谱测定，对铝铁共聚作用的化学特征及其晶形貌象，共聚作用进行了研究及讨论，为深入研究铝无机共聚溶液体系化学形态组成及其絮凝剂的提供了的基础实验依据。     

改性灰岩除氟的实验研究

采用改性灰岩作为除氟材料,通过批实验和柱实验,考察不同条件下的除氟效果,并探讨了其实际应用的可能性。结果表明:FeCl3溶液联合灰岩除氟,可使高氟水中的氟浓度达到国家饮用水标准,在含氟水样中加灰岩后,直接加FeCl3会促进灰岩对氟的去除效率。在氟离子浓度为5 mg/L,粒径0.2～0.5 mm的灰岩为1 g的条件下,铁离子含量为0.016 mmol/L时,即可达到去除的最佳效果,除氟率可达95.74%。柱实验说明在FeCl3溶液浓度一定时,除氟率随着总出水量的增加而提高;填充的灰岩总量不变时,随着FeCl3溶液浓度的增加,除氟效果明显增加,说明本实验具有实际应用的可能性。     

内电解法预处理甲基氯化物生产废水的研究

用内电解法预处理有机磷农药中间体甲基氯化物生产废水，结果表明是可行的，废水CODcr，有机磷，硫化物的去除率分别达到62.43%，60.62%，76.37%，出水的BOD5／CODcr由0.107上升至0.302，为后续的生化处理创造了良好的条件。实验确定的操作条件为铁碳比铁碳比2、废水pH值5.5,反应温度＞50℃，停留时间＞7h，CaO用量200mg/L。     

聚合氯化铝与有机高分子复合絮凝剂形态分布研究

以聚合氯化铝PAC和自制有机高分子絮凝剂为原料制备了复合絮凝剂 (PACO)。采用Al Ferron逐时络合比色法研究了聚合氯化铝与有机高分子复合絮凝剂溶液中铝盐的形态分布及转化。考察了O A、碱化度B和熟化等因素对铝盐形态分布的影响。结果表明 ,当碱化度B为 2 .0 ,有机高分子与铝盐质量比 0 A从 0增加至 4时 ,Ala 含量从 2 0 .45 %缓慢降至 1 8.52 % ,Alb 含量从 49.54%升至55 .0 1 % ;当O A =1 ,B从 0 .5升至 2 .0时 ,Ala 含量从 65 .2 6 %降至 1 8.95 % ,Alb 含量从 2 6.76 %升至 53 .1 3 % ;此外 ,当熟化时间由 2 4h增加至 72h时 ,PAC中Ala 含量下降了 5 .93 % ,而相应PACO中Ala 含量仅下降 2 .62 % ,表明PACO溶液相对于PAC溶液具有较强的稳定性。     

氯代芳烃催化氢转移脱氯的研究

本文以甲酸钠为氢源,对聚乙烯吡咯烷酮锚定的ＰｄＣｌ２催化氯代芳烃脱氯进行了研究,考察了反应条件对反应的影响,研究了脱氯的选择性。结果表明;该方法具有卓越的脱氯选择性,催化剂用量少,反应条件温和,操作简便。本文并对其脱氯反应机理进行了初步探讨。     

水相催化芳香氯化物脱氯研究

通过把起相转移作用的聚乙二醇（PEG）链，键合到硅胶上，再将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）络合双金属Pd-Cu后负载其上，制成一种新型双负载双金属催化剂PVP－PdCl2/SiO2-PEG600,以甲酸钠为氢转移试剂，在水相催水芳香氯化物脱氯，当反应温度80℃左右，n(Pd):n(Cu）=2:1，反应介质pH值11．7左右时，具有较高的催化脱卤活性，催化剂不但易于制备，便于分离，且具有良好的重复使用性能，经重复使用六次，转化率仍在70％以上。     

Decreased PCDD/F formation when co-firing a waste fuel and biomass in a CFB boiler by addition of sulphates or municipal sewage sludge

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are formed during waste incineration and in waste-to-energy boilers. Incomplete combustion, too short residence times at low combustion temperatures (<700 °C), incineration of electronic waste and plastic waste containing chlorine are all factors influencing the formation of PCDD/Fs in boilers. The impact of chlorine and catalysing metals (such as copper and iron) in the fuel on PCDD/F formation was studied in a 12 MW_th circulating fluidised bed (CFB) boiler. The PCDD/F concentrations in the raw gas after the convection pass of the boiler and in the fly ashes were compared. The fuel types were a so-called clean biomass with low content of chlorine, biomass with enhanced content of chlorine from supply of PVC, and solid recovered fuel (SRF) which is a waste fuel containing higher concentrations of both chlorine, and catalysing metals. The PCDD/F formation increased for the biomass with enhanced chlorine content and it was significantly reduced in the raw gas as well as in the fly ashes by injection of ammonium sulphate. A link, the alkali chloride track, is demonstrated between the level of alkali chlorides in the gas phase, the chlorine content in the deposits in the convection pass and finally the PCDD/F formation. The formation of PCDD/Fs was also significantly reduced during co-combustion of SRF with municipal sewage sludge (MSS) compared to when SRF was fired without MSS as additional fuel.     

焚烧飞灰预处理工艺及其无机氯盐的行为研究

研究表明WCCB(水洗+烧结)预处理工艺能更高效更节能地去除飞灰中的氯化物,以利于其作为水泥原料的使用.水洗工艺条件为两次水洗、水固比均为3∶1,搅拌速度均为150 r.min-1,第一次水洗时间5 min,第二次水洗时间10 min;利用原焚烧炉进行烧结处理,温度为1 000℃,10%氧气含量,停留时间1 h.本研究尝试了3种焚烧飞灰:节煤器出来的飞灰、石灰干法中和酸性气体后布袋收集的飞灰、NaHCO3中和酸性气体后布袋收集的飞灰.经该工艺处理后,焚烧飞灰残渣量减少20%以上,氯减少94%以上,尤以NaHCO3中和得到的飞灰削减量为最,分别达到了72.1%和99.8%.采用同步辐射的X射线吸收近边精细结构(X-ray absorption near edge structure,XANES)和普通X射线衍射(X-ray Diffraction,XRD)相结合的方法研究分析无机氯盐在工艺过程中的行为,发现焚烧飞灰中主要的氯盐主要有NaCl、KCl和CaCl2.焚烧炉烟气净化系统的酸中和剂会影响无机氯盐的生成.焚烧飞灰中难溶性无机氯盐的结构与Friedel’s盐相似,并且与CaCl2有关系.     

新型防冻抑尘剂性能研究

在对CMl、CM2型防冻抑尘剂的抗冻性能、在自然环境中昼夜周期吸湿和放湿的行为进行了测定的基础上．为提高性能，对这两种防冻抑尘进行了复配。其研究结果对卤化物抑制路面、地面和各种散体堆放场的扬尘具有实际意义。     

Trichloroethylene decomposition and in-situ dry sorption of Cl-products by calcium oxides prepared from hydrated limes

A comparison of CaOs produced by calcining two types of hydrated lime and calcium carbonate was made for decomposition of trichloroethylene and in-situ dry sorption of the decomposed Cl-products using a lab-scale gas flow type tubular packed bed reactor. About 20 mg of CaO sample was mixed with about 2 g of Al₂O₃ particles and packed in the reactor and allowed to react with a flowing standard gas containing 500 ppm of C₂HCl₃ (N₂ balance) at 673 and 873 K, under the condition that the reaction of CaO with C₂HCl₃ might be completed within a few hours.It was found that no thermal decomposition of C₂HCl₃ at or below 673 K was observed in a reactor packed only with Al₂O₃ particles. However, a considerable amount of decomposition of C₂HCl₃ was obtained in a reactor packed with CaO and Al₂O₃, even at 673 K. For 1 mol of CaO prepared by calcining highly reactive Ca(OH)₂ at 673 K, decomposition of 0.42 mol of C₂HCl₃ and in-situ absorption product of 0.53 mol of CaCl₂ were obtained. At 873 K, about 46% of C₂HCl₃ was thermally decomposed. The total amount of C₂HCl₃ decomposed in CaO-Al₂O₃ particle bed at 873 K became nearly twice larger than that at 673 K. For 1 mol of CaO prepared by calcining highly reactive Ca(OH)₂ at 873 K, decomposition of 0.59 mol of C₂HCl₃ and in-situ absorption product of 0.67 mol of CaCl₂ were obtained. Small amounts of C₂Cl₂, C₂Cl₄, CCl₄, etc. were detected during decomposition of C₂HCl₃ at 673 and 873 K.It was recognized that the data on decomposition of C₂HCl₃ as well as in-situ dry sorption of Cl-products in CaO particle bed were correlated with specific surface area of the CaO employed.