Climate readiness of recovery plans for threatened Australian species

The rapidly changing climate is posing growing threats for all species, but particularly for those already considered threatened. We reviewed 100 recovery plans for Australian terrestrial threatened species (50 fauna and 50 flora plans) written from 1997 to 2017. We recorded the number of plans that acknowledged climate change as a threat and of these how many proposed specific actions to ameliorate the threat. We classified these actions along a continuum from passive or incremental to active or interventionist. Overall, just under 60% of the sampled recovery plans listed climate change as a current or potential threat to the threatened taxa, and the likelihood of this acknowledgment increased over time. A far smaller proportion of the plans, however, identified specific actions associated with ameliorating climate risk (22%) and even fewer (9%) recommended any interventionist action in response to a climate-change-associated threat. Our results point to a disconnect between the knowledge generated on climate-change-related risk and potential adaptation strategies and the extent to which this knowledge has been incorporated into an important instrument of conservation action.     

Biomonitoring in the Boulder River Watershed, Montana, USA: Metal Concentrations in Biofilm and Macroinvertebrates, and Relations with Macroinvertebrate Assemblage

Portions of the Boulder River watershed contain elevated concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in water, sediment, and biota. We measured concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in biofilm and macroinvertebrates, and assessed macroinvertebrate assemblage and aquatic habitat with the objective of monitoring planned remediation efforts. Concentrations of metals were generally higher in downstream sites compared with upstream or reference sites, and two sites contained metal concentrations in macroinvertebrates greater than values reported to reduce health and survival of resident trout. Macroinvertebrate assemblage was correlated with metal concentrations in biofilm and macroinvertebrates. However, macroinvertebrate metrics were significantly correlated with a greater number of biofilm metals (8) than metals in invertebrates (4). Lead concentrations in biofilm appeared to have the most significant impact on macroinvertebrate assemblage. Metal concentrations in macroinvertebrates were directly proportional to concentrations in biofilm, indicating biofilm as a potential surrogate for monitoring metal impacts in aquatic systems.     

超临界CO2回收线路板工艺研究

采用正交试验设计进行了超临界CO₂回收废弃印刷线路板的实验。以温度、压强、时间和夹带剂为实验因素，通过对实验前后样本在重量、厚度、弯曲强度和断裂强度四方面变化的分析考察了各实验因素对实验效果的影响。实验结果表明，影响超临界CO₂法回收印刷线路板的最主要因素为温度、时间和夹带剂，超临界CO₂法回收废弃印刷线路板的最佳工艺条件：温度270℃，压强大于7.38 MPa，时间3 h，夹带剂(水)160 mL。实验进一步验证了压强对实验结果的非显著性影响。     

废旧阴极-赤泥协同处理烧结熟料的溶出性能

采用XRF,ICP-MS,XRD及SEM-EDS检测手段,研究了废旧阴极-赤泥高温协同处理所得熟料的溶出性能.结果表明,Na₂CO₃浓度,温度,时间及液固比因素对Al₂O₃,Na₂O溶出率TFe₂O₃的富集效果的影响趋势一致.最适宜溶出条件为：Na₂CO₃ 30g/L,温度50℃,时间30min,液固比8.该条件下,熟料中Al₂O₃和Na₂O溶出率分别高达为87.41%和92.51%;相应的SiO₂和CaO溶出率仅为3.02%和0.36%,铁矿物几乎不溶.溶出渣中的TFe₂O₃含量从熟料中23.64%提高到39.89%,研究表明溶出工艺同步实现了熟料中铝、钠的回收和铁的富集.再者,处理后溶出渣较熟料减量近16%（以铝和钠溶出率测算）,且属于非危险性废物.     

土壤胡敏素对铜离子的吸附作用及其机理研究

以暗棕壤为供试土壤,研究了不同溶液pH值、离子强度、接触时间、反应温度和初始铜离子(Cu~(2+))浓度条件下,胡敏素对Cu~(2+)的吸附作用;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线能量色散谱(EDS)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和X-射线光电子能谱(XPS),对胡敏素/胡敏素-Cu~(2+)复合物的表面形貌、元素分布和官能团组成进行了分析;应用延展X-射线吸收精细结构谱(EXAFS),对吸附态Cu~(2+)的局域配位结构进行了表征.结果表明:胡敏素对Cu~(2+)的吸附量随pH值、接触时间、反应温度和Cu~(2+)浓度的增加而增加,但随离子强度的增加而下降;吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程,而吸附等温线用Langmuir方程的拟合效果较好;吸附过程需要能量,是自发、吸热和自由度增加的缔合反应;吸附Cu~(2+)之后,胡敏素表面产生了团聚现象,表面羧基、羟基、吡啶氮和N—O基团参与了Cu~(2+)的吸附作用,同时吸附态Cu~(2+)是以内层配位形式与胡敏素表面的O/N和C原子结合.     

铜合金实验室试验与实海挂片结果的比较与分析

目的比较实验室试验结果与实海挂片结果对B10和H62两种铜合金腐蚀性能评价的异同之处。方法采用线性极化、电化学阻抗、显微形貌观察等,比较两种铜合金在实验室模拟海水中的的腐蚀速率、点蚀倾向,结合反应机理、腐蚀形貌、环境等外部因素,分析导致实验室与实海环境下出现差异的原因。结果除榆林海域外,实海挂片与实验室结果都表明,B10试样的平均腐蚀速率小于H62。B10和H62两种铜合金随温度升高腐蚀速率增大,在实验室和实海情况下表现出一致性,且平均腐蚀速率都随浸泡时间的延长而降低。结论在实海环境中,温度不是影响点蚀的主要因素,微生物等其他环境因素会对点蚀产生较大影响。     

The distribution of molybdenum in the tissues of wild ducks

The Mo contents and the relations between Mo and Cu or Crcontents were investigated in the organs of Japanese wild ducks(spotbill duck, pintail, wigeon, scaup and tufted duck). Thehighest Mo content in kidney and liver of the dabbling duckswere more than 30 g g^-1 dry weight (g g^-1 d.wt.), though that of diving ducks were less than 11 gg^-1 d. wt. The contents were lower in the ducks migratingwithin Japan, Eurasia and North America than those in the birdsmigrating between Japan and Eurasia. The contents of liver inall species were more than 50 and less than 5 g g^-1 d.wt. for Cu and Cr, respectively. Significant correlations werefound between Mo and both elements in pintail and scaup, and Moand Cr in tufted duck. These results suggest that thecontamination of wild ducks reflects the reproductive area, andnot the collected area. Mo contents closely correlated with theCu and/or Cr contaminations.     

Cu、Pb、Zn火焰原子吸收多谱线分析在环境监测中的应用

对铜的 3条谱线 (2 49.2 nm、2 61 .4nm,3 2 4.8nm ) ,铅的 2条谱线 (2 83 .3 nm、2 1 7.0 1 nm )以及锌的 2条谱线(3 0 7.6nm、2 1 3 .9nm ) ,共 7条谱线的灵敏度、检测限、线性范围进行了归纳性总结 ,并对多种共存元素可能存在的干扰情况进行了研究 ,认为利用元素不同分析谱线的分析灵敏度差异 ,根据被测元素在样品消解液中含量 ,选择合适的谱线进行分析 ,既降低工作强度 ,又能获得满意结果     

无机痕量分析中预富集技术的应用现状及前景

综述了预富集技术在无机痕量分析中的应用，概述了国内外最新进展，介绍了主要技术及方法的特点，大量文献表明预富集技术用于痕量分析取得满意的效果，降低了检测限，提高了灵敏度。     

扬子型铜矿床矿物稀土元素地球化学

本文较系统研究了扬子型铜矿床中有代表性的菱铁矿、胶黄铁矿、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、磁铁矿、黄铜矿及部分脉石矿物的稀土元素组成及特征，总结了展状矿石中和矽卡岩矿石中矿物稀土元素组成的特点及二者之间存在的明显差别，从一个方面探索扬子型铜矿床的成因。