不同晶型纳米TiO_2在斑马鱼体内的富集与清除

为探讨纳米材料的慢性生物效应以及材料结构对生物富集的影响,开展了A-TiO2(锐钛型纳米TiO2)和R-TiO2(金红石型纳米TiO2)在斑马鱼(Danio rerio)体内的长期富集和清除试验.采用半静态暴露试验,试验周期为46 d(暴露阶段28 d,清除阶段18 d),每种晶型设置2个处理组(ρ分别为4.0和10.0 mg/L),测定各时间点斑马鱼体内不同晶型纳米TiO2含量(以w计);以暴露阶段的BAF(生物富集系数)以及清除阶段的排出速率常数、总量清除率为终点,比较斑马鱼对2种晶型纳米TiO2的富集、清除的异同.结果表明:在暴露阶段,A-TiO2在斑马鱼体内的富集量显著高于R-TiO2,10.0 mg/L处理组斑马鱼体内富集量均显著高于4.0 mg/L处理组;4.0和10.0 mg/L的A-TiO2处理组的BAF分别为76.7和105.4 L/kg,略高于R-TiO2(41.6和36.1 L/kg),二者在斑马鱼体内均不具有生物蓄积性.在清除阶段,斑马鱼体内的2种晶型的纳米TiO2均可被排出,清除阶段的清除率为88.0%~100%;斑马鱼体内2种晶型纳米TiO2富集量的下降均符合一阶指数衰减方程,排出速率常数在0.26~1.01 d-1之间.     

不同诱导条件对结晶产物形貌特征的影响

在流化床反应器中,以含铜废水为处理对象,重点考察了诱导条件改变对结晶系统运行效率及结晶产物形貌特征的影响。结果表明,进水200 mg/L,进药比([Cu2+]/[CO2-3])1∶1.2,p H为10.2的条件下,铜离子去除率可接近100%,诱导晶种表面平滑,诱导颗粒生长成致密杆状晶体结构,以碳酸盐为沉淀剂的诱导结晶系统依赖于体系的p H,高p H体系下发生的共结晶现象是影响系统运行的主要原因;随着进药摩尔比的增加,结晶产物由短杆状向球状转化,晶体机械强度显著降低大量破碎,影响出水水质;进药比1∶1.2,p H为11的条件下,含铜废水浓度为500 mg/L时,系统去除率可达95%以上,微晶产率低于5%。     

TiO2载体对Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂脱硝活性的影响

以TiO₂为载体,选取过渡金属元素Mn为活性组分,稀土金属元素Ce为活性助剂,采用分步共混法制备了Mn-Ce/TiO₂催化剂（活性组分负载量16%）,系统研究了TiO₂载体的晶型和晶粒尺寸对催化剂脱硝活性的影响。实验结果表明：分别以锐钛矿型和金红石型TiO₂为载体制备的催化剂,其低温脱硝活性相差不大,活性组分均以无定型态高度分散于载体中,以金红石型TiO₂为载体制备的催化剂中部分TiO₂转变为锐钛矿型;以不同晶粒尺寸TiO₂载体制备的催化剂的低温脱硝活性相差较大,比表面积较大、晶粒尺寸较小的TiO₂载体制备的催化剂,其脱硝活性低于晶粒尺寸较大的TiO₂载体制备的催化剂。     

Combining Measures of Dispersal to Identify Conservation Strategies in Fragmented Landscapes

Abstract: Understanding the way in which habitat fragmentation disrupts animal dispersal is key to identifying effective and efficient conservation strategies. To differentiate the potential effectiveness of 2 frequently used strategies for increasing the connectivity of populations in fragmented landscapes—corridors and stepping stones—we combined 3 complimentary methods: behavioral studies at habitat edges, mark‐recapture, and genetic analyses. Each of these methods addresses different steps in the dispersal process that a single intensive study could not address. We applied the 3 methods to the case study of Atrytonopsis new species 1, a rare butterfly endemic to a partially urbanized stretch of barrier islands in North Carolina (U.S.A.). Results of behavioral analyses showed the butterfly flew into urban and forested areas, but not over open beach; mark‐recapture showed that the butterfly dispersed successfully through short stretches of urban areas (<500 m); and genetic studies showed that longer stretches of forest (>5 km) were a dispersal barrier, but shorter stretches of urban areas (≤5 km) were not. Although results from all 3 methods indicated natural features in the landscape, not urbanization, were barriers to dispersal, when we combined the results we could determine where barriers might arise: forests restricted dispersal for the butterfly only when there were long stretches with no habitat. Therefore, urban areas have the potential to become a dispersal barrier if their extent increases, a finding that may have gone unnoticed if we had used a single approach. Protection of stepping stones should be sufficient to maintain connectivity for Atrytonopsis new species 1 at current levels of urbanization. Our research highlights how the use of complementary approaches for studying animal dispersal in fragmented landscapes can help identify conservation strategies.     

ACF电极电解处理含NaCl结晶紫染料废水的研究

以吸附结晶紫达到饱和的活性炭纤维为阳极,在NaCl介质中对初始浓度为100 mg/L的结晶紫染料废水进行了电解脱色处理。实验考察了NaCl浓度、pH值和电流密度等对溶液脱色率的影响,测定了电解时溶液中生成的游离氯浓度及不同电解时间后溶液的紫外-可见吸收光谱曲线,并对不同电解时间后溶液的归一化吸光度比值进行了计算。结果发现,溶液中所产生的游离氯的浓度随电解时间的增加快速上升,20 min时就几乎达到了最大值;在活性氯的作用下,结晶紫分子中的大π共轭体系被破坏,溶液迅速脱色;电解液中所含的NaCl浓度、电解液的pH值和电流密度等都对脱色率有影响;在一定实验条件下,初始浓度为100 mg/L的结晶紫染料废水在电解60 min后脱色率可高达99.3%。     

Measurement of the pesticide methomyl by modified quartz crystal nanobalance with molecularly imprinted polymer

A simple and cost-effective analysis method based on quartz crystal nanobalance (QCN) coated with a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for measurement of methomyl was investigated. In the first part of this study, a sensitive, selective and reliable quartz crystal nanobalance (QCN) sensor was designed for the selective determination of methomyl in aqueous solutions. In the second part, in order to demonstrate the applicability and performance of the fabricated sensor in the real world situation, it was successfully applied for the determination of methomyl residual in photo catalytic degradation by ZnO powders in aqueous solutions. The fabricated sensor presents a high selectivity and sensitivity (4.56 Hz per mg L^?1) for methomyl and it can be used for determination of methomyl concentration ranged between 1 to 45 mg L^?1. Furthermore, good reproducibility, R.S.D. = 2.14% (n = 5) was observed. To investigate the performance of the sensor, the change in the insecticide concentration during the photocatalytic degradation of methomyl by ZnO was investigated by QCN and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Results obtained from QCN sensor and UV/Vis spectroscopy measurement are in good mutual agreement. So the fabricated sensor may provide an efficient, low cost, easy-to-use method for the in-field evaluation of specific targeted analytes in aqueous solutions which in turn may lead to improved food and water safety.     

Fenton试剂氧化法处理染料结晶废母液

采用Fenton试剂氧化法处理分散橙、分散紫和分散蓝3种染料结晶废母液。研究了H₂O₂加入量、n（H₂O₂）#x02236;n（Fe²⁺）和废母液pH对COD去除率或TOC去除率的影响。对TOC去除反应分段进行了动力学方程拟合，并探讨了反应机理。实验得到的分散橙、分散紫和分散蓝的废母液处理工艺条件：H₂O₂加入量分别为264.4，352.9，441.2mmol/L；n（H₂O₂）#x02236;n（Fe²⁺）分别为20，10，20；废母液pH=3。3种废母液在0~20min和20~120min两个阶段的反应与二级动力学拟合方程的相关性最好。3种废母液经Fenton试剂氧化处理后，部分有机物降解为小分子有机酸，部分有机物完全矿化。     

BiFeO3可见光催化降解甲基紫

采用柠檬酸-硝酸盐燃烧法制备了光催化剂BiFeO₃。采用SEM，XRD，FTIR等技术对光催化剂BiFeO₃进行表征。表征结果显示，光催化剂BiFeO₃晶相纯、粒径小、比表面积大，存在Fe#x02014;O的弯曲振动和伸缩振动。实验结果表明：通过鼓气及加入H₂O₂可有效提高BiFeO₃对甲基紫可见光催化降解的效率；在300mL质量分数为1.5#x000d7;10^-5的甲基紫溶液中加入0.9g光催化剂BiFeO₃和0.1mL质量分数为30%的H₂O₂溶液，当反应时间为240min时，甲基紫去除率可达99%。     

Resistance and biosorption mechanism of silver ions by Bacillus cereus biomass

Biosorption of silver ions onto Bacillus cereus biomass was investigated. Overall kinetic experiments were performed for the determination of the necessary contact time for the attainment of equilibrium. It was found that the overall biosorption process was best described by pseudo second-order kinetic model. The crystals detected by scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested the precipitation was a possible mechanism of biosorption. The molecular genetics of silver resistance of B. cereus biomass was also detected and illustrated by a whole cell sensor tool.     

“天舟一号”货运飞船在轨污染探测数据分析

目的分析"天舟一号"(TZ-1)货运飞船的空间污染探测器的在轨探测数据。方法 TZ-1货运飞船上的污染探测器采用石英晶体微量天平(QCM),利用污染物沉积在QCM探测器传感晶片表面引起的振荡频率变化情况来分析航天器在轨空间污染环境。根据其探测原理,通过分析下传的原始数据,得到航天器在轨的污染累积量结果。结果航天器在轨飞行过程中,污染累积已达到会导致污染敏感器件光学性能明显退化的程度,并且污染源温度是影响航天器污染累积量的一个重要因素,可以将其作为航天器在轨污染控制的重要措施。结论该研究结果可以为航天器污染设计、控制提供参考,为提高航天器可靠性设计提供数据支持。