Risk assessment of xenoestrogens in a typical domestic sewage-holding lake in China

Release of domestic sewage leads to accumulation of xenoestrogens in holding waters, especially in closed or semi-enclosed waters such as lakes. In the study, the occurrence, distribution, estrogenic activity and risk of eight xenoestreogens were evaluated in Lake Donghu, China. Nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP), and bisphenol A (BPA) were identified as the main xenoestrogens ranging from tens of ng L⁻¹ (in the surface water) or ng g⁻¹ dw (in the suspended particles and sediment) to tens of μg L⁻¹ or μg g⁻¹ dw. The sum of 17β-estradiol equivalents (∑EEQs) ranged from 0.32 to 45.02 ng L⁻¹ in the surface water, 0.53 to 71.86 ng g⁻¹ dw in the suspended particles, and 0.09 to 24.73 ng g⁻¹ dw in the sediment. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) was determined as the main contributor to ∑EEQs followed by NP. The risk assessment showed a higher risk in the surface water than in the suspended particles and sediment in such domestic sewage-holding lake.     

基于计算模拟与响应面分析漆酶对己烯雌酚的降解作用

己烯雌酚（Diethylstilbestrol,DES）作为水环境中最具雌激素活性的合成化合物之一,其给生物体和环境带来的危害已经引起人们的关注.本研究首先通过分子对接与分子动力学模拟从理论上分析漆酶与DES的相互作用;其次通过实验分析其降解动力学模型及不同反应条件和介质对漆酶催化转化DES的影响;最后使用响应面分析方法优化漆酶-ABTS系统催化转化DES的最佳条件.计算结果表明,漆酶与DES的反应能够自发进行且它们之间主要存在氢键和疏水作用力.实验结果表明,反应6 h左右,50 mg·L^-1的DES的降解率达到93%以上;根据Michaelis-Menten模型得到的动力学参数K_m和V_max分别为36.18 mg·L^-1和45.98 mg·L^-1·h^-1,模型的R²为0.99.漆酶催化降解DES的最佳pH为6,最佳温度为55℃.几种介质中,ABTS对漆酶催化降解DES的作用最强.通过响应面分析发现,在pH=5.5、55.98℃、1.52 mmol·L^-1 ABTS、31.52 mg·L^-1 DES的条件下,反应0.5 h后ABTS-漆酶系统可将DES完全降解.本研究可为漆酶催化转化DES提供理论基础和实验方法.     

两种实验设计研究DES和EV对MCF-7细胞增殖的联合作用

研究了己烯雌酚(DES)和戊酸雌二醇(EV)对MCF-7细胞增殖的单一毒性和等浓度配比下的联合毒性作用,用相加指数法进行了联合毒性作用类型的判断,同时进行了联合毒性作用的3×3析因实验设计研究结果作为对比.结果表明,EV的24、48和72 h对MCF-7细胞增殖率的EC50值分别为6.02、0.40和0.33 nmol·L-1,DES的24、48和72 h的EC50值分别为5.90、6.98和2.90 nmol·L-1,等浓度配比下其联合毒性的EC50值分别为2.33、0.71和0.39 nmol·L-1,用相加指数判断其联合作用类型,在24 h显示为协同作用,其它两个时间段显示为拮抗效应,但从数值上可以发现协同和拮抗效应均不强,接近相加的联合效应类型.析因实验结果显示24、48和72 h这3个染毒时间段均显示了相加作用类型.析因实验与等浓度配比下获得的联合毒作用类型基本一致,但析因实验设计更为简捷方便,同时避免了由于计算EC50值产生的偏差对联合效应类型的影响.     

己烯雌酚降解菌固定化条件优化及其降解性能

以海藻酸钠为包埋剂,制备了己烯雌酚(DES)降解菌株S(Serratia sp.)的固定化菌剂,通过正交试验确定了菌株S的最佳固定化条件:海藻酸钠质量分数为4%,菌悬液与海藻酸钠重量比为1:2,CaCl₂质量分数为4%,交联时间为6h.菌株S的固定化菌剂比游离菌株更有优势;7d时,固定化菌株S对无机盐培养基中DES的去除率为83.84%,较游离菌株高22.84%.优化了固定化菌株S对溶液中DES的处理条件:固定化菌株S接入量为300g/L,初始底物浓度为20~40mg/L.固定化菌株S对DES浓度为40.01,37.90 ,33.52μg/L 3个排污口污水中DES的去除率分别达90.0%,96.0%,96.7%.利用固定化菌株处理实际污水中DES等雌激素具有应用潜力.     

Fertility of female mice fed coumestrol and diethylstilbestrol

Abstract

Coumestrol, a compound produced by various legumes which exerts estrogen‐like activity in animals, and diethylstilbestrol (DES) were studied as chemical agents for controlling reproduction in mice. Female mice were fed control diets or diets containing 100 ppm coumestrol for eight days. Female mice were exposed to males and reproductive tracts examined 14 days later. Litter size was not affected by 100 ppm dietary coumestrol but feed consumption was reduced 17%. Similar trials were conducted with mice fed 1 ppm DES. Vaginal plugs were present in 50% of the females fed 1 ppm DES, but no fetal pups were present. Feed intake was reduced 37% by the DES. Levels of 0, .1, .25, .50, .75 and 1.0 ppm DES were compared in two strains of mice, Swiss and ICR. Reproduction in both strains was totally inhibited by all DES treatments. The use of DES to control rodent populations warrants further investigation.     

己烯雌酚降解菌株沙雷氏菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性

利用具有降解己烯雌酚(diethylstilbestrol,DES)特性的功能微生物来降解DES、有望实现环境中DES的有效去除,然而迄今关于降解DES的功能菌株及其降解特性的报道很少.本研究通过选择性富集培养,从某污水处理站活性污泥中分离获得1株具有DES降解特性的细菌(菌株S).经形态观察、生理生化试验及16S rDNA序列同源性分析将菌株S鉴定为沙雷氏菌属(Serratia sp.)细菌.菌株S好氧生长,30℃、150 r·min-1摇床培养7 d后,对无机盐培养基中DES(50 mg·L-1)的降解率达68.3%.通过摇瓶实验,优化了菌株S生长和降解DES的最适环境条件:温度30℃,底物浓度40～60 mg·L-1,pH 7.0,接种量5%,盐添加量0 g·L-1,装液量10 mL(100 mL三角瓶).     

固定化菌剂对污水和牛粪中雌二醇和己烯雌酚的去除作用

针对雌二醇(E2)和己烯雌酚(DES)易在污水和牛粪富集的问题,制备了具有去除E2和DES功能的固定化菌剂,并研究了其对污水和牛粪中E2与DES的去除作用.以E2降解菌Rhodococcus sp.JX-2与DES降解菌Serratia sp.S为供试菌,主要通过正交试验确定了固定化菌剂包埋方法,比较了固定化菌剂、游离态菌剂、空白小球对E2与DES的去除效能,并分析了菌剂用量、p H、含水量、翻堆时间对菌剂去除污水和牛粪中E2和DES的影响.结果表明,菌剂制备的最佳固定化条件为菌株JX-2与菌株S菌悬液体积比为1∶1,海藻酸钠质量分数5%,菌胶比为1∶2,Ca Cl2·2H2O质量分数4%.固定化菌剂对溶液中初始浓度为2 mg·L-1E2和DES的去除率分别达99.42%和84.59%.去除污水中E2和DES的最佳固定化菌剂用量为300g·L-1,p H值为5.0~6.0,能完全去除DES,E2去除率为95.85%;去除牛粪中E2和DES的最佳固定化菌剂用量为600g·kg-1,牛粪含水量为70%,翻堆时间间隔为12 h,能完全去除E2,DES去除率为97.41%.