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1.
开展对典型可燃物燃烧烟尘的物化特性差异性研究,是全面了解烟尘信息的基础.基于可控条件下的燃烧试验,对典型可燃物燃烧烟尘物理特性和化学组分进行了分析.通过对比分析汽油燃烧烟尘、聚苯乙烯燃烧烟尘、ABS燃烧烟尘及柴油烟尘和正庚烷烟尘的透射电镜图片,对透射电镜图的紧凑性、复杂性及灰度值进行了深入分析,探讨了燃烧烟尘的物理差异性.利用固相微萃取-气质联用技术(SPME-GC-MS),对汽油燃烧烟尘、聚苯乙烯燃烧烟尘、ABS燃烧烟尘化学组分进行了分析和对比.通过燃烧烟尘的特征物质组分的分析,得到3种燃烧烟尘在特征物质的分布和出峰时间等方面的差异性.这些差异性可作为对烟尘来源及燃烧条件等因素判别的依据. 相似文献
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根据生物脱氮除磷系统产生的富磷剩余污泥含有硝化细菌和生产废水含有高浓度氨氮的特点,将生产废水中的氨氮转化为硝酸盐(内源电子受体),并将获得的内源电子受体利用在富磷剩余污泥浓缩过程,同步实现内源电子受体反硝化及其抑制富磷剩余污泥释磷行为。结果表明,将富磷剩余污泥(excess activated sludge,EAS。EAS1是在好氧方式下添加,EAS2是在缺氧方式下添加)与生产废水(reject water)按4种比例(Ⅰ、生产废水∶EAS1∶EAS2=15%∶85%∶0%;Ⅱ、生产废水∶EAS1∶EAS2=15%∶80%∶5%;Ⅲ、生产废水∶EAS1∶EAS2=15%∶75%∶10%;Ⅳ、生产废水∶EAS1∶EAS2=15%∶65%∶20%)混合曝气用于产生内源电子受体时,最佳硝化时间均为12 h,可将液相中的氨氮分别由初始的(113.16±0.85)mg/L、(117.18±4.39)mg/L、(129.48±4.85)mg/L及(142.53±0)mg/L降至(0.74±0.41)mg/L、(0.45±0.15)mg/L、(0.41±0.15)mg/L及(0.38±0.08)mg/L;同时,硝酸盐氮分别由初始的(7.48±7.91)mg/L、(12.87±5.81)mg/L、(12.87±5.81)mg/L及(13.55±6.18)mg/L升为(128.37±11.03)mg/L、(141.43±12.71)mg/L、(148.01±14.84)mg/L及(146.22±7.53)mg/L。内源电子受体可将重力浓缩过程中释磷量分别削减85%、63%、64%及83%,同时使得由生产废水回流引起的氨氮积累量分别减少89.25%、69.93%、74.31%及85.40%。在整个内源电子受体产生及其应用于抑制污泥释磷阶段,TN去除率分别为39.59%、44.54%、51.86%及57.33%。上述内源电子受体胁迫条件下的浓缩过程中,不仅可以有效降低由重力浓缩释磷引起的磷积累量,且可同步实现减少由生产废水回流引起的氨氮积累量。 相似文献
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研究纳米硫化镉(Nano-Cd S)材料对肺癌细胞系A549的毒性及氧化损伤作用。培养A549细胞,经传代后接种于6孔板中,每孔2 m L完全培养基,接种次日进行染毒。用直径20~30 nm、长度80~100 nm的Nano-Cd S进行染毒,染毒浓度分别为0、5、10、20、40和80 mg·L~(-1)。染毒24 h后用MTT检测细胞存活率,以存活率在80%左右的浓度为后续实验染毒浓度。应用流式细胞技术,用荧光探针法检测A549细胞的活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)含量,PI-Annexin-V法检测细胞凋亡情况;用试剂盒检测细胞中超氧化物岐化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性以及丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,判断细胞氧化损伤情况。不同浓度Nano-Cd S处理细胞24 h之后,细胞存活率随剂量的增加而下降,浓度为10、20、40和80μg·L~(-1)时,存活率分别为(88.71%±0.80%)、(81.93%±3.06%)、(75.23%±1.13%)和(70.66%±5.63%),且各组间差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。以浓度为10和20 mg·L~(-1)的Nano-Cd S染毒24 h后,胞内ROS含量和细胞凋亡率随染毒剂量的增加而增加(P0.05);浓度为10 mg·L~(-1)时,细胞凋亡率为(6.26%±0.44%)。与对照相比,各染毒组SOD和CAT活性和MDA含量升高,20 mg·L~(-1)染毒组SOD和CAT活性和MDA含量高于10 mg·L~(-1)染毒组(P0.05)。研究表明,纳米硫化镉能引起A549细胞的氧化损伤和细胞凋亡,具有明显的细胞毒性。 相似文献
5.
Parise Henry Olufunmilayo Owopetu Demilade Adisa Thao Nguyen Kevin Anthony David Ijoni-Animadu 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(8):546-552
The free living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a proven model organism for lipid metabolism research. Total lipids of C. elegans were extracted using chloroform and methanol in 2:1 ratio (v/v). Fatty acids composition of the extracted total lipids was converted to their corresponding fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs) and analyzed by gas chromatography/accurate mass quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry using both electron ionization and chemical ionization techniques. Twenty-eight fatty acids consisting of 12 to 22 carbon atoms were identified, 65% of them were unsaturated. Fatty acids containing 12 to17 carbons were mostly saturated with stearic acid (18:0) as the major constituent. Several branched-chain fatty acids were identified. Methyl-14-methylhexadecanoate (iso- 17:0) was the major identified branched fatty acid. This is the first report to detect the intact molecular parent ions of the identified fatty acids in C. elegans using chemical ionization compared to electron ionization which produced fragmentations of the FAMEs. 相似文献
6.
在电气线路火灾原因的调查中,为更好地区分铜导线一次短路与二次短路的熔痕特征,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X-射线能谱仪(EDS)对2种熔痕的形貌和相应的元素成分进行了试验研究。结果表明:铜导线一次短路与二次短路熔痕的表观形貌特征和元素成分具有明显的不同,二者的区别主要表现在熔痕表面所含的气孔、元素种类及导线本体与熔痕之间的过渡区方面,一次短路熔痕表面气孔多,元素种类少,导线与熔痕之间有明显界限,二次短路熔痕则相反。该研究结果可以区分短路熔痕形成的环境气氛,以此判断导线短路熔痕类型,为电气线路火灾原因的调查提供科学依据。 相似文献
7.
采用静态水热晶化法,以硅溶胶为硅源、六亚甲基亚胺(HMI)为模板剂,通过掺杂Ce合成了具有MWW层状结构的Ce-MCM-22分子筛。并利用粉末X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等方法对其进行了表征,对其进行了吸附动力学的研究。研究表明,Ce-MCM-22吸附动力方程拟一级方程为y=-0.028 1x-0.136,R2=0.983 4。Ce-MCM-22吸附动力方程拟二级方程为y=0.465 7x+1.2005,R2=0.999 5,说明拟二级反应模型更能真实地反映分子筛吸附亚甲蓝溶液的反应机理。 相似文献
8.
In vertebrates and invertebrates Zn exist as complexed compounds with metallothioneins. However, its cellular level effects and metabolic fates are scantly documented. In the elucidation of this fact, EM results on hepatic cellular alterations in fish under lethal dose exposure at 4.0 ppm over a week is illustrated. A large number of lysosomes in hepatic cells prevailed on exposure to Zn in its sulfate form. Evidently, due to metal compound stress and cellular damage lysosomal activity is augmented. The lysosomes harboured digestible material, presumably the aforementioned substrates. Contrary to it, fat droplets prevailed while glycogen depletion is noticeable. Unlike the effects of Hg, the nuclei were normal with granular chromatin and prominent nucleoli. However, the mitochondria contained some small intramitochondrial bodies. Similar to the effects of Hg, the cell membrane remained intact. In vivo enzymatic studies indicated augmentation in catalase, acid‐ and alkaline‐phosphatases, while glucose‐6‐phosphatase is inhibited. However, only alkaline‐ and glucose‐6‐phosphatases are inhibited under in vitro conditions. Thus, it is evident that Zn enhances cellular bioenergetic requirements culminating in glycogen depletion owing to stress, concomitantly envisaging inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport system. 相似文献
9.
Size-specific concentrations and bioaccessibility of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in dust from air conditioner filters were measured, and the factors influencing the PBDE bioaccessibility were determined. Generally, the PBDE concentrations increased with decreasing dust particle size, and BDE209 (deca-BDE) was generally the predominant congener. The bioaccessibility ranged from 20.3% to 50.8% for tri- to hepta-BDEs, and from 5.1% to 13.9% for BDE209 in dust fractions of varied particle size. The bioaccessibility of most PBDE congeners decreased with increasing dust particle size. The way of being of PBDE (adsorbed to dust surface or incorporated into polymers) in dust significantly influenced the bioaccessibility. There was a significant negative correlation between the tri- to hepta-BDE bioaccessibility and organic matter (OM) contents in dust. Furthermore, tri- to hepta-BDE bioaccessibility increased with increasing polarity of OMs, while with decreasing aromaticity of OMs. The tri- to hepta-BDE bioaccessibility significantly positively correlated with the surface areas and pore volumes of dust. Using multiple linear regression analysis, it was found that the OM contents and pore volumes of dust were the most important factors to influence the tri- to hepta-BDE bioaccessibility and they could be used to estimate the bioaccessibility of tri- to hepta-BDEs according to the following equation: bioaccessibility (%) = 45.05 − 0.49 × OM% + 1.79 × pore volume. However, BDE209 bioaccessibility did not correlate to any of these factors. 相似文献
10.