Oxidative and genotoxic effects of bisphenol A on primary gill cell culture of Lake Van Fish (Alburnus tarichi Güldenstädt, 1814)

Lake Van is the largest lake in Turkey. The lake limits lifespan due to its high pH and brackish water. For this reason, only a single species of fish (Van Fish) is living in the lake that has been adapted to these conditions. In the present study, we investigated the total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), malondialdehyde (MDA) level and DNA damage effect of bisphenol A (BPA) (10^?7, 10^?6 and 10^?5?M) on primary gill cell culture of Van Fish for 24 and 48?h of incubation periods. TAS levels were not changed when compared to those of the control group, but TOS levels were decreased in both 24 and 48?h. The MDA level increased only at the highest concentration (10^?5) at the end of 12 and 24?h (p?.05). DNA damage increased only at the 10^?5?M concentration after 48?h. At the end of the experiment, BPA exposure caused lipid peroxidation and genotoxic effect. These results indicate that high levels of BPA exposure induced oxidative stress and DNA damage by time- and concentration-dependent fashion in the gill cell culture of Van Fish. Gill cell culture is a useful model for the rapid identification of the harmful effects of chemicals in the aquatic environment.     

Shifting Baselines: Conveying Climate Change in Popular Music

Popular music is a generation-specific zeitgeist, while music affords otherwise unobtainable engagement with environmental themes. Despite being the most widespread form of music there is a paucity of scholarship on climate change vis-à-vis popular music. In turn, this article explores how popular music may provide a soundtrack that narrates the rapidity of contemporary biophysical change. Approaches of conveying versus communicating climate change in music are considered across a spectrum of musical forms, from contemporary and historical popular music to contemporary classical music and sound art. The article applies the framework of shifting baselines to music engaged with environmental change in order to formulate a closer relationship between objective and quantitative intergenerational biophysical change and subjective and qualitative socio-cultural change. To cease losing track of such inexorable degradation, the article speculates on future musical forms that may obviate such intergenerational myopia by conveying and/or communicating the unprecedented rapidity of biophysical change.     

潮土施镍对小白菜的生物效应及其临界值研究

研究潮土施Ni对盆栽蔬菜的生态效应,并通过小白菜生物量的变化、地上部茎叶Ni质量比及土壤有效态Ni质量比来表征土壤Ni污染的毒性临界值.结果表明,潮土施Ni对蔬菜未表现出增产效应.施Ni量低于25 mg/kg,其生物产量无明显降低.随施Ni量的增加,生物产量呈显著下降,生物量变化与Ni质量比呈高度负相关.潮土施Ni增加茎叶和根系中Fe,Mn,Ca,Mg元素质量比,降低Cu,Zn元素质量比.4种性质不同的提取试剂提取的土壤有效态Ni质量比与植物Ni吸收均呈高度正相关,较好地反映了植物的危害状况,且以DTPA提取效果最佳.以生物减产量突变点为依据,确定潮土施Ni毒害临界值为:土壤全量Ni为41.86 mg/kg,有效态Ni质量比为2.55mg/kg(DTPA)和茎叶Ni质量比为22.39 mg/kg.     

进水底物浓度对蔗糖废水产酸合成PHA影响研究

混合菌群合成生物可降解塑料(PHA)成为目前研究的热点,三段式PHA合成工艺(水解产酸、产PHA菌富集、PHA合成)被广泛应用.在三段式工艺中,产PHA菌的富集非常关键,只有稳定产生PHA菌才能保障PHA合成的产量.针对产PHA菌富集系统容易出现污泥膨胀的问题,本研究考察了进水底物浓度对产PHA菌富集效率及运行稳定性的影响.在560mg·L-1、1 120 mg·L-1、1 680 mg·L-1这3组不同进水底物浓度的对比实验中,证实了COD 1 120 mg·L-1条件下富集反应器能够在较短污泥龄下稳定富集具有较高污泥浓度的高效产PHA菌,且不会发生污泥膨胀.在94 d的富集期后其批次实验最大PHA含量、PHA转化率(COD/COD)及PHA比合成速率能分别达到50%、0.714 5及0.191 2 mg·(mg·h)-1.研究还同时证实细胞内糖原水平高低与其PHA合成能力密切相关,可采用其作为富集效果的重要检测指标之一.     

燃煤电厂锅炉PM2.5排放危害度评价模型建立及案例分析

为评价燃煤电厂锅炉PM2.5排放的危害度,根据颗粒的形成机制及对环境和人体健康的影响程度,将PM2.5进行了粒径分段,综合考虑不同粒径段颗粒物的质量浓度、粒数浓度、汞相对富集因子及汞元素在煤灰分中含量,建立了燃煤锅炉PM2.5排放危害度综合评价模型,最后利用已有文献现场实验测得的数据对评价模型进行了案例分析,并提出了危害度削减系数概念,可用于对除尘装置进行评价.     

When apologizing hurts: Felt transgression and restoration efforts

Apologizing is important for conflict resolution and relationship reconciliation, yet apologies often fail to restore the damaged relationship. While much research has been devoted to investigating the victims' reactions upon receiving an apology, in this paper, we adopt an apologizer-centric approach and explore the phenomenon of apologizing with no felt transgression (vis-à-vis when there is felt transgression) along with its affective and reconciliation outcomes for the apologizer. Based on Appraisal Tendency Framework, we predict that apologizing with no felt transgression will lead to reduced guilt and increased anger in the apologizer, which will result in a decreased level of their restoration efforts towards the victim. In addition, we further hypothesize about the role of organizational conflict cultures in influencing the relationship between apologizing and restoration efforts via guilt and anger. Study 1 uses a micro-narrative procedure and an inductive data analysis approach to demonstrate the varied situations and motivations of employees apologizing with (no) felt transgression, Study 2 utilizes an experimental design to examine the mediation effect, and Study 3 employs the critical incident technique to test our whole research model. Our hypotheses were largely supported across our studies. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

Characteristics of atmospheric particles and heavy metals in winter in Chang-Zhu-Tan city clusters, China

To understand the pollution characteristics of atmospheric particles and heavy metals in winter in Chang-Zhu-Tan city clusters, China, total suspended particulate(TSP) and PM10samples were collected in cities of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan from December 2011 to January 2012, and heavy metals of Cd, Pb, Cr, and As were analyzed. It shows that the average TSP concentration in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan were(183 ± 73),(201 ± 84) and(190 ± 66) μg/m3respectively, and the average PM10 were(171 ± 82),(178 ± 65) and(179 ± 55) μg/m3respectively. The lowest TSP and PM10concentrations occurred at the background Shaping site of Changsha. The average ratio of ρ(PM10)/ρ(TSP) was 91.9%, ranging from 81.3% to 98.9%. Concerning heavy metals, in TSP samples, the concentration of Cr, As, Cd and Pb were 28.8–56.5, 18.1–76.3, 3.9–26.1 and 148.0–460.9 ng/m3, respectively, while in PM10samples, were 16.4–42.1, 15.5–67.9, 3.3–22.2 and 127.9–389.3 ng/m3, respectively. The enrichment factor of Cd was the highest, followed by Pb and As, while that of Cr was the lowest.     

水培和盆栽条件下碎米莎草对铀的耐受性及富集特征

碎米莎草(Cyperus iria L.)作为铀的超耐受植物,它的发现为探讨铀污染环境的植物修复和铀在植物体中的吸收和耐受机理提供了一种新的资源.在Hoagland's营养液中加入铀标准溶液模拟铀污染水环境,以及直接在铀尾沙条件分析不同铀供应水平下碎米莎草对铀的耐受性能和富集特征.结果表明:①碎米莎草对铀的富集特征依赖于生长介质中铀的供应水平和植物生长期等多重因素.碎米莎草不同生长期各部位w(U)均高于生长介质中的铀供应水平,根系和地上部分w(U)最高可分别达(48 605±1 266)和(824±856) mg/kg.根、茎和叶中w(U)基本随着铀供应水平的升高而增加,在开花期时较低,根系吸收的铀有1/10～ l/5能转移至茎、叶、花籽部位,ρ(U) ＜250 mg/L的铀溶液对碎米莎草的生长无抑制作用.②碎米莎草对铀尾沙具有很强的耐受性,但地上部分的富集系数在某些条件下可大于1;地上部分的w(U)在开花期相对较高,至成熟期时下降;在成熟期添加柠檬酸有助于碎米莎草根、茎和叶将铀转移至籽部位.     

太原市大气PM_(2.5)中铅同位素特征研究

使用ICP-MS测定太原市2009年夏季至2010年春季典型月份中存在于PM2.5上的铅(Pb)及同位素特征,分析了铅的浓度水平、季节变化特征,探讨了铅同位素丰度比特征,并由富集因子法初步解析了铅的来源。结果显示,太原市环境大气中存在于PM2.5上的Pb含量为270.83ng/m3,低于我国环境空气质量标准(GB3095-2012)中对颗粒物中铅的年均限值,在国内属中等水平。冬季存在于PM2.5中的Pb浓度水平最高,与取暖燃煤排放有关;扬尘中的Pb富集则对春季的Pb污染有较大贡献。Pb与PM2.5的相关性显示夏季和冬季二者来源一致,皆为燃煤排放;206 Pb/207 Pb与208 Pb/206 Pb的同位素丰度比特征也表明PM2.5中Pb的主要源于燃煤排放,由于冬季煤炭消费量较高,其燃烧排放对PM2.5中Pb的贡献高于其他季节。采样期间PM2.5中Pb的富集因子(20.45)显示,Pb主要源于人为活动的排放;春季的富集因子(10.76)接近10,表明春季时自然源的Pb对PM2.5的贡献较大。     

基于SD的施工企业安全文化建设方向研究

分析了施工企业安全文化的结构,归纳了影响施工企业安全文化形成因素,论述了施工企业安全文化自然演化和强制演化路径。利用系统动力学(SD)原理,借助软件VENSIM 5.6 a对施工企业安全文化2种演化路径进行了仿真模拟。通过仿真模拟得出了影响施工企业安全文化形成的最关键的5大因素,为施工企业指明了安全文化建设方向。