全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10525篇 |
免费 | 1483篇 |
国内免费 | 725篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 1248篇 |
废物处理 | 159篇 |
环保管理 | 2500篇 |
综合类 | 5761篇 |
基础理论 | 998篇 |
环境理论 | 47篇 |
污染及防治 | 459篇 |
评价与监测 | 703篇 |
社会与环境 | 780篇 |
灾害及防治 | 78篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 135篇 |
2022年 | 181篇 |
2021年 | 270篇 |
2020年 | 298篇 |
2019年 | 273篇 |
2018年 | 281篇 |
2017年 | 513篇 |
2016年 | 526篇 |
2015年 | 576篇 |
2014年 | 506篇 |
2013年 | 786篇 |
2012年 | 786篇 |
2011年 | 751篇 |
2010年 | 631篇 |
2009年 | 587篇 |
2008年 | 420篇 |
2007年 | 669篇 |
2006年 | 654篇 |
2005年 | 604篇 |
2004年 | 526篇 |
2003年 | 498篇 |
2002年 | 373篇 |
2001年 | 354篇 |
2000年 | 349篇 |
1999年 | 243篇 |
1998年 | 178篇 |
1997年 | 153篇 |
1996年 | 107篇 |
1995年 | 131篇 |
1994年 | 77篇 |
1993年 | 74篇 |
1992年 | 46篇 |
1991年 | 26篇 |
1990年 | 27篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 11篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
为实现白洋淀芦苇的有效利用,以白洋淀淀区芦苇(白苇)为原料,以KOH、K2CO3为活化剂,综合考虑制备过程中的剂料比、浸渍时间、活化温度、活化时间等因素的影响,通过正交试验,以碘吸附值和亚甲蓝吸附值综合作为吸附性能高低的评价标准,进行活性炭制备方法研究。结果表明:在以KOH为活化剂、剂料比为4∶1、浸渍时间36 h、850℃下活化1 h的条件下,制备的芦苇基生物质活性炭碘吸附值最高,亚甲基蓝吸附值较高;以K2CO3为活化剂、剂料比为3∶1、浸渍时间12 h、900℃下活化2 h的条件下,制备的芦苇基生物质活性炭有最高的碘吸附值和对亚甲蓝具有良好的吸附性。制备的生物质活性炭碘吸附值均高于国家活性炭一级品标准(1 000 mg/g),具备一定的实用性。 相似文献
2.
Gunta Sprie Mris Brti Lesya Gnatyshyna Ilga Kokorte Agnese Lasmane Valery Rodinov Oksana Stoliar 《Ambio》2021,50(6):1248
Long-term changes, from 1984 to 2010, in the indicators of microbial pollution (total viable count, coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, and Clostridium perfringens) are analysed in the Riga Hydropower Plant Reservoir, an essential source of drinking water for Riga, the capital of Latvia. Counts in microbial indicators fluctuated seasonally and were related to physicochemical parameters (nitrogen compounds, turbidity, temperature, and pH). The changes in microbial pollution were brought about by two major socio-economic developments. Firstly, Latvia’s independence from the USSR in 1991 which facilitated a distinct reduction in most microorganism counts due to a sharp decline in industrial and agricultural production. This resulted in a significant drop in point and nonpoint pollution in the river basin. A further development was Latvia joining the European Union in 2004. The corresponding focus on water management, including wastewater treatment, was a major priority of environmental investment and lead to improvements in microbial water quality.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01470-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
3.
Chinazaekpere Nwani Festus V. Bekun Bright A. Gyamfi Ekpeno L. Effiong Andrew A. Alola 《Natural resources forum》2023,47(2):155-176
Sustainable use of natural resources would entail ensuring that derived economic benefits today do not undermine the welfare of generations to come. On this basis, this study examines the nexus between natural resource rents and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions disaggregated into production and consumption-based (i.e., trade-adjusted) CO2 emissions for a selected panel of 45 developing and transition economies over the period 1995–2017. The empirical model also incorporates the impacts of population, affluence, and energy intensity. The results show that affluence increases production-based CO2 emissions by 1.407%, with the EKC's predicted inverted U-shaped curve only explaining consumption-based CO2 emissions. Economic reliance on natural resource rents and energy intensification contribute 0.022% and 0.766%, respectively, to CO2 emissions embedded in territorial production inventories and 0.035% and 0.583%, respectively, to CO2 emissions embedded in consumption inventories. The bootstrap non-causality test shows that historical data on each variable has significant predictive power for future CO2 emissions from both sources. The historical information about natural resource rents has significant predictive power over the future levels of affluence and energy intensity. Clearly, the results show that the environmental impact of natural resource rents is stronger when CO2 emissions are adjusted for trade and varies among the countries, with Bangladesh, Guinea, India, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Vietnam, and Zimbabwe among the most affected countries. Overall, this study provides motivation for policies to keep the use of natural resources within sustainable limits. 相似文献
4.
Lucas Ferrante Augusto Getirana Fabricio Beggiato Baccaro Jochen Schöngart Ana Cristina Monteiro Leonel Renato Gaiga Michel Varajão Garey Philip Martin Fearnside 《Conservation biology》2023,37(3):e14033
Given the speed at which humans are changing the climate, species with high degrees of endemism may not have time to avoid extinction through adaptation. We investigated through teleconnection analysis the origin of rainfall that determines the phylogenetic diversity of rainforest frogs and the effects of microclimate differences in shaping the morphological traits of isolated populations (which contribute to greater phylogenetic diversity and speciation). We also investigated through teleconnection analysis how deforestation in Amazonia can affect ecosystem services that are fundamental to maintaining the climate of the Atlantic rainforest biodiversity hotspot. Seasonal winds known as flying rivers carry water vapor from Amazonia to the Atlantic Forest, and the breaking of this ecosystem service could lead Atlantic Forest species to population decline and extinction in the short term. Our results suggest that the selection of morphological traits that shape Atlantic Forest frog diversity and their population dynamics are influenced by the Amazonian flying rivers. Our results also suggest that the increases of temperature anomalies in the Atlantic Ocean due to global warming and in the Amazon forest due to deforestation are already breaking this cycle and threaten the biodiversity of the Atlantic Forest hotspot. 相似文献
5.
Hossein Karami Romina Sayahnia Hossein Mahmoudi Hossein Azadi Sadegh Salehi 《Natural resources forum》2023,47(1):60-86
Urbanization and mass movement of the population from rural areas and small cities to megacities have led to environmental, economic, and social problems in Iran. In dealing with these challenges, assessing resource and environmental carrying capacity (RECC) is considered an effective method to leverage space and capital to achieve sustainable development. This study aimed to rank the provincial RECC in Iran. Toward this purpose, environmental indices were generated from remotely sensed and statistical census data. Then, the provinces were scored in terms of environmental, economic, and infrastructural carrying capacities, and RECC using the mean variance analysis method. Results demonstrated that in most areas, there is no relationship between economic and infrastructural capacities and development. Statistically, a correlation coefficient of −0.53 between economic and environmental carrying capacities indicated excessive use of environmental capacities. Moreover, the spatial distribution pattern of environmental, economic, and infrastructural carrying capacity was entirely heterogeneous between the provinces; there was a northeast–southwest pattern in terms of infrastructural capacity and an economic pattern from north to south. The distribution pattern of RECC is most consistent with the environmental capacity, pointing at the high weight of the indicators of the RECC model. In conclusion, this research offers a new vision for policymakers and provides a theoretical and applicable framework for implementing sustainable strategies in land-use planning. It is recommended that the RECC concept and tools can be used not only for planning but also for measuring the efficiency of spatial development programs and establishing land balances in the region. 相似文献
6.
针对数值模拟参数选取主观性强、量化难度大的问题,在高精度无人机地形数据的基础上,通过对11起滑坡案例进行了407组参数反演实验,对结果准确度定量评价后,得到基于Massflow数值软件关键参数λ0的分布范围,进而运用小样本极大似然估计理论,分析区间边界长度对反演精度的影响,最终提出基于均匀分布的参数取值概率模型,并选用案例验证该模型的准确性。结果表明:地形约束会导致反演过程中所需的内聚力减小,反演获得的11组最优λ0的极差和方差分别为0.29、0.01,在置信度为95%下,极大似然法得到区间边界估计长度仅为0.0998,表明参数λ收敛性较好;反演过程中质心滑动距离ψ准确度优于堆积面积重叠率η,在λ0±0.05的范围,参数估计区间内任意值对模拟误差影响较小,评价指标ψ、η与λ0对应案例的相对误差不超过15%;所选案例验证了在置信度为95%下,以反演得到的最优参数区间边界中点构建概率分布函数的可行性和准确性,研究方法可为单体滑坡数值模拟风险评价提供理论支撑。 相似文献
7.
液态放射性流出物是核设施运行的必然产物,滨海核设施向大海进行稀释排放处置,内陆核设施缺少稀释载体,采用自然蒸发空气载带方式将液体流出物通过气态途径向大气稀释排放是可行的替代方案,可以实现液态流出物的零排放。自然蒸发空气载带排放方案描述了工艺原理,提出了空气流速、空气温度、环境相对湿度、废水温度等与蒸发强度的关系,给出了一套自然蒸发载带排放装置的概念设计,分析了液态流出物转为气态途径排放对环境的影响,论证了采用自然蒸发空气载带方式实现内陆核设施液态流出物零排放目标的可行性。 相似文献
8.
铁路建设项目的生态环境影响在其全生命周期内各时期有不同的表现形式。在阐述不同时期应重点关注的生态环境保护问题的基础上,从全过程控制角度,建立了涵盖前期规划、建设期、运营期3个阶段的铁路建设项目生态环境保护发展状况评估指标体系,运用层次分析法对各指标进行权重评定。根据权重计算结果对铁路建设项目生态环境保护工作中重要时期及关键环节进行分析,为铁路建设项目生态环境保护工作考核提供参考。 相似文献
9.
10.
环境保护税对企业绩效的影响研究:基于税额标准的提高 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
2018年中国正式开征环境保护税,这是我国首个以环境保护为直接政策目标的税种。环境保护税由排污费改革而来,有一半以上省份直接平移排污费收费标准,其他省份提高了税额标准。本文以2016—2019年中国上市公司季度数据为研究样本,利用PSM-DID方法评估了环境保护税税额标准提高对企业绩效的短期经济影响。实证结果表明,在短期内环境保护税税额标准提高并不会对企业绩效产生显著的影响,这一结论在进行三重差分、更换指标和数据等稳健性检验之后仍然成立。此外,本文发现在制度环境较好的东部地区,环境保护税对企业绩效的短期抑制作用更为显著,税额标准提高降低了企业的净资产收益率和总资产报酬率,显示出制度环境对环境保护税具有加强效应,从而促使企业有更好的环境表现。对此,本文提出应持续优化环境保护税制度,提高征管能力和水平,调高部分地区环境保护税税额标准,改进中西部地区制度环境等建议。 相似文献