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1.
Water quality is a critical challenge in Asia in the context of growing industrialization, urbanization, and climate change. Nature-based solutions (NbS) could play an important role in reducing urban water pollution, while generating multiple co-benefits that could make cities more liveable and resilient. In this regard, a number of pilot and demonstration projects have been set up to explore their potential across cities in Asia. Their effectiveness and impacts, however, have not been adequately documented, thus how they can be sustained, replicated and up-scaled remain poorly understood. This study aims to contribute to addressing this challenge by co-developing an integrated assessment framework and employing it to understand how existing evaluations of NbS in the region can be improved. It focuses specifically on a set of nature-based solutions that have been employed for water treatment across six cities in Southeast Asia (two in each Sri Lanka, the Philippines, and Vietnam), namely, floating wetlands, constructed wetlands and maturation ponds. The study also suggests specific methodologies for capturing a set of core indicators considered relevant for assessing the effectiveness and capturing the multi-faceted impacts of the examined NbS.  相似文献   
2.
林彬  姚斌  祁鑫鑫 《火灾科学》2015,24(3):159-166
采用FDS软件对细水雾扑救汽车涂装车间喷漆室火灾的灭火效能进行数值模拟分析,着重探讨了喷漆室纵向通风、细水雾雾滴粒径、雾滴喷射速度、汽车障碍物等对扑灭油漆火的影响。模拟结果表明:在细水雾与油漆火的相互作用过程中,细水雾对火源的表面冷却和隔氧窒息作用显著;为了防止室内氧气得到补充,在开启细水雾灭火的同时应当联动控制关闭纵向通风系统;在模拟工况条件下雾滴粒径为100μm~300μm的细水雾灭火效果优于粒径为400μm、500μm的细水雾;雾滴在一定喷射速度范围内速度越大灭火效果越好,喷射速度为10m/s的雾滴灭火效果明显优于3m/s和5m/s的雾滴,但是为了防止火焰横向蔓延,喷射速度不宜过高;在汽车障碍物火灾中部分微小的细水雾雾滴受到火焰的卷吸作用,可以绕过障碍物进入火区发挥冷却作用,细水雾灭火系统能够有效控制障碍物火灾,可以应用于汽车涂装车间喷漆室。  相似文献   
3.
为了预防外浮顶罐密封圈雷击火灾,提出在密封圈内充入氮气的保护方法.将安全含氧量作为充氮的惰化目标,对外浮顶罐充氮管网进行设计,并通过试验来验证充氮管网的有效性.试验得到了充氮流量、进出气孔数量及管径与有效充氮时间的关系.若以142 m3/h的流量对容量为10×104 m3的外浮顶罐密封圈内充氮,则46.5 min内可以达到充氮惰化目标.雷电预警时间为60 ~ 90 min的条件下,充氮时间小于预警时间,表明所设计的管网是有效的.  相似文献   
4.
检索了微生物燃料电池在中国的发明专利文献,综述了微生物燃料电池在废水处理中的应用及与现有技术中其他水处理技术耦合的专利进展,并对其实际应用的前景进行了展望。  相似文献   
5.
Abstract

A secondary analysis of the British National Travel Survey for the years 2002–2010 shows that the composition of the group of carless households is a good indicator of the level of car dependence in a local area: indeed, while non-car ownership in peripheral and rural areas very often correspond to a marginal socio-demographic situation, this is less and less true as one moves towards larger urban areas. Similarly, while in sparse areas most households without cars are either virtually immobile or reliant on car lifts, in large urban areas the ‘mobility gap’ between car-owning and carless households is considerably smaller, as the latter are able to use modal alternatives to the car. These findings are interpreted with reference to an integrated theoretical framework, showing how changes in land use and the environmental and social impacts of increasing motorization are intimately linked. Notably, the consequences of the self-reinforcing cycle of car dependence on two forms of car-related transport disadvantage (car deprivation and forced car ownership) are highlighted. Overall, the article highlights how the socio-demographic composition and the travel behaviour of carless households vary systematically across different types of area: this has interesting implications for sustainable transport policy and research.  相似文献   
6.
This paper presents a theoretical comparison between fuel cell (FC) power train and conventional petrol driven propulsion system. FC has potential to reduce the CO2-emissions from road. However, FC power trains require energy storing device, to meet the peak power during extreme drive situations and also able to recover the kinetic energy of the vehicle during break operation. The proposed system includes a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) based drive train and a super capacitor connected in parallel. The system is designed and dimensioned for a conventional petrol driven propulsion system of the Mercedes B-Class160. The feasibility study also includes comparison between the existing conventional systems. It is shown that although FC power train is heavier compared to existing system, urban performance is better and produces no CO2 and other harmful emissions.  相似文献   
7.
本文主要介绍了乘用车内(文中简称车内)空气质量污染源、管控项目及对应检测方法,整车制造商车内空气质量性能开发模式与管控机制。  相似文献   
8.
安徽省省内流动人口空间选择主要体现为省会优先、邻近区域优先和高工资区域优先的特征。省内形成以首府合肥为第一层次,以芜湖和淮南为第二层次,以蚌埠、淮北、安庆、马鞍山和铜陵为第三层次,其余城市为第四层次的空间选择格局。合肥是省内人口流入最大的辐合场,淮南、芜湖是次级辐合场,淮北、淮南、六安、巢湖等城市是对流场,流入人口规模与流出人口规模大体相当。  相似文献   
9.
高思 《环境技术》2012,37(1):10-13
本文通过介绍汽车音响产品的环境应力和故障模式,对环境试验的流程和方法进行了描述。并通过引用国内外相关环境试验标准,对环境试验在汽车音响产品上的应用进行了分析和举例。  相似文献   
10.
人工浮床对汾江河水质净化的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对佛山市汾江河内布置浮床的水域的7个断面进行采样监测,分析了布置浮床侧与未布置浮床侧各水质指标的差异,以考察人工浮床对汾江河水质的净化效果。同时比较了圆币草、水罂粟、梭鱼草、狐尾草、美人蕉和鸢尾6种浮床植物的生物量和氮磷吸收量。结果表明,布置人工浮床一侧的水质TN、TP、COD和NH4+-N含量均显著低于未布置浮床一侧的水质,表明人工浮床对水体水质的有净化效果。总面积约4 900 m2的浮床植物经过3个月的生长,从水体中共吸收了192.5 kg的氮和76.1 kg的磷。6种浮床植物中,狐尾草的净增生物量最高,达到64.2 kg/m2;圆币草次之,为62.2 kg/m2。狐尾草和圆币草对氮磷的吸收能力在6种植物中处于较高水平,每平方米狐尾草和圆币草从水体中分别吸收了51.61g氮、19.79 g磷和46.90 g氮、22.93 g磷。综合比较得出,狐尾草和圆币草在生物量和氮磷吸收量上均保持在较高水平,是较好的浮床植物。本研究为人工浮床在南方类似河流中的应用及植物选择提供了参考依据。  相似文献   
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