首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   368篇
  免费   12篇
  国内免费   232篇
安全科学   23篇
废物处理   9篇
环保管理   16篇
综合类   329篇
基础理论   129篇
污染及防治   102篇
评价与监测   3篇
灾害及防治   1篇
  2024年   1篇
  2023年   6篇
  2022年   17篇
  2021年   15篇
  2020年   26篇
  2019年   21篇
  2018年   33篇
  2017年   39篇
  2016年   34篇
  2015年   46篇
  2014年   25篇
  2013年   60篇
  2012年   40篇
  2011年   48篇
  2010年   20篇
  2009年   15篇
  2008年   9篇
  2007年   13篇
  2006年   5篇
  2005年   5篇
  2004年   2篇
  2003年   9篇
  2002年   17篇
  2001年   26篇
  2000年   23篇
  1999年   11篇
  1998年   13篇
  1997年   12篇
  1996年   5篇
  1995年   2篇
  1994年   5篇
  1993年   1篇
  1992年   3篇
  1991年   2篇
  1990年   1篇
  1988年   1篇
  1979年   1篇
排序方式: 共有612条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
IntroductionSiberiaandtheFarEastaretheoldestandtherichestgold miningareasofRussia .Intensivegold miningherestartedinthebeginningofthe 19thcentury(Vyazelshchikov ,1963) .Forthemostpartgold bearingoresandsandswereprocessedwiththeuseofamalgamationmethodforgolde…  相似文献   
2.
This article analyses the question: do attitudes towards risk influence participation in small‐scale gold mining, a hazardous activity that generates uncertain income? This question is examined by measuring and comparing the risk attitudes of gold miners and non‐mining community members in the rainforest of Suriname, South America. The author presents a multivariate model to predict the duration of work in mining areas as a function of risk tolerance, age, education, and household demographics. The results suggest that a greater tolerance to risk increases the duration of a person's mining career. However, attitudes explain only a fraction of the variation in occupational choices. Qualitative data suggest that these choices are primarily shaped by local barriers to human capital development and by national economic volatility. Given their marginal position in society and the multitude of mining risk mitigation strategies, it is questionable whether gold mining exposes Suriname forest peoples to greater risks than other subsistence alternatives. The author argues that sensitivity to local historical and cultural conditions would improve the efficiency of policies aimed at developing a more sustainable mining industry. By zooming in on the daily lives of miners, anthropology can complement macro‐scale analyses and contribute to policy interventions in the small‐scale mining sector.  相似文献   
3.
以名山河流域老冲积黄壤无机纳米微粒为对象,从纳米尺度分析钙的吸附解吸机制对土壤养分状况的影响,并采用等温吸附法和静态解吸法,比较不同土地利用方式下钙的吸附解吸特征差异.结果表明:1)不同土地利用方式土壤无机纳米微粒对钙的吸附解吸量均随钙质量浓度增加而增加,在低质量浓度范围内吸附量增加较快,在高质量浓度范围内增加趋缓,不同土地利用方式下钙的吸附能力从高到低为水田(2 580.69 mg/kg)、茶园(2 452.30 mg/kg)、旱地(1 935.10mg/ks)、林地(1 867.36mg/kg)、果园(1 520.65 mg/kg),土壤无机纳米微粒对钙的解吸率从大到小为果园、林地、旱地、茶园、水田,且解吸率随外加钙质量浓度增加而增大;2)去除土壤组分(有机质、游离氧化铁)后,无机纳米微粒对钙的吸附量及解吸量均有所增加,5种土地利用方式吸附增加量从大到小为水田、旱地、茶园、林地、果园;3)去除土壤组分前后,无机纳米微粒对钙的等温吸附均以Freundlich方程拟合效果最佳,相关系数在0.954 5~0.989 0,达到极显著水平,Langmuir方程与Temkin方程拟合效果不佳.研究表明,钙离子以非专性吸附为主,专性吸附为辅,有机质和游离氧化铁的存在会阻碍土壤对钙的吸附及解吸.  相似文献   
4.
金的沉淀机理是了解热液金矿床成矿机制的关键。本文总结了金从热液中沉淀机理的最新研究成果,介绍了各种主要含金配合物的溶解度拨制机制,阐述了矿物表面吸附/还原以及电化学富集等矿物表面作用对金沉淀行为的制约。  相似文献   
5.
蔡良圣  林君  辛青  臧月 《中国环境科学》2020,40(8):3394-3400
为改善微电极在阳极溶出伏安法检测重金属离子过程中低电流响应和低电催化能力的缺点,提出了一种在碳纤维微电极表面合成还原氧化石墨烯/纳米金材料制得还原氧化石墨烯纳米金修饰碳纤维微电极(rGO/AuNPs CFMEs)的方法.通过SEM表征,所制备的rGO/AuNPs CFMEs具有比表面积高、吸附能力强和催化活性好的特点,因此改性微电极适合作为方波阳极溶出伏安法(SWASV)测定水中铜离子(Cu2+)的工作电极.在构建微传感器测试水中痕量铜离子系统后,对pH值、电导率、富集时间和富集电位等检测条件进行了优化.在pH值为4,电导率为36.1S/m,富集时间为360s,富集电位为-1.2V的最佳条件下,铜的线性范围和检出限分别0~1.0μmol/L和2.4nmol/L.此外,微传感器的可重复性、长期稳定性以及选择性也得到了验证.  相似文献   
6.
以铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)和斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)为研究对象,通过室内培养实验,研究了长期暴露下纳米二氧化钛(nano-TiO_2)对五价砷[As(Ⅴ)]在典型淡水藻体中累积与生物转化的影响.结果表明不同藻类对无机砷的吸收和转化能力差异很大.长期暴露下斜生栅藻累积的砷(As,以DW计,下同)高达(819.66±11.25)μg·g-1,比铜绿微囊藻累积的As[(355.95±8.31)μg·g-1]高2倍多.Nano-TiO_2可增加藻体对As的吸收累积,降低了培养基中As的含量.同时,nano-TiO_2可增加藻体对As(Ⅴ)的生化转化;其中,铜绿微囊藻中有机砷以二甲基砷(DMA)为主,而斜生栅藻中有机砷以一甲基砷(MMA)为主.另外,长期暴露下nano-TiO_2处理的铜绿微囊藻和斜生栅藻向培养基释放的甲基砷小于对照组,表明长期暴露中的nano-TiO_2不能促进藻体内甲基砷的释放.研究结果可促进nano-TiO_2与As相互作用时生态风险的理解.  相似文献   
7.
• Pd nanoparticles could be reduced and supported by activated sludge microbes. • The effect of biomass on Pd adsorption by microbes is greater than Pd reduction. • More biomass reduces Pd particle size, which is more dispersed on the cell surface. • When the biomass/Pd add to 6, the catalytic reduction rate of Cr(VI) reaches stable. Palladium, a kind of platinum group metal, owns catalytic capacity for a variety of hydrogenations. In this study, Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) were generated through enzymatic recovery by microbes of activated sludge at various biomass/Pd, and further used for the Cr(VI) reduction. The results show that biomass had a strong adsorption capacity for Pd(II), which was 17.25 mg Pd/g sludge. The XRD and TEM-EDX results confirmed the existence of PdNPs associated with microbes (bio-Pd). The increase of biomass had little effect on the reduction rate of Pd(II), but it could cause decreasing particle size and shifting location of Pd(0) with the better dispersion degree on the cell surface. In the Cr(VI) reduction experiments, Cr(VI) was first adsorbed on bio-Pd with hydrogen and then reduced using active hydrogen as electron donor. Biomass improved the catalytic activity of PdNPs. When the biomass/Pd (w/w) ratio increased to six or higher, Cr(VI) reduction achieved maximum rate that 50 mg/L of Cr(VI) could be rapidly reduced in one minute.  相似文献   
8.
• In situ preparation of FeNi nanoparticles on the sand via green synthesis approach. • Removal of tetracycline using GS-FeNi in batch and column study. • Both reductive degradation and sorption played crucial role the process. • Reusability of GS-FeNi showed about 77.39±4.3% removal on 4th cycle. • TC by-products after interaction showed less toxic as compared with TC. In this study, FeNi nanoparticles were green synthesized using Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel extract, and these nanoparticles were also formed in situ over quartz sand (GS-FeNi) for removal of tetracycline (TC). Under the optimized operating conditions, (GS-FeNi concentration: 1.5% w/v; concentration of TC: 20 mg/L; interaction period: 180 min), 99±0.2% TC removal was achieved in the batch reactor. The removal capacity was 181±1 mg/g. A detailed characterization of the sorbent and the solution before and after the interaction revealed that the removal mechanism(s) involved both the sorption and degradation of TC. The reusability of reactant was assessed for four cycles of operation, and 77±4% of TC removal was obtained in the cycle. To judge the environmental sustainability of the process, residual toxicity assay of the interacted TC solution was performed with indicator bacteria (Bacillus and Pseudomonas) and algae (Chlorella sp.), which confirmed a substantial decrease in the toxicity. The continuous column studies were undertaken in the packed bed reactors using GS-FeNi. Employing the optimized conditions, quite high removal efficiency (978±5 mg/g) was obtained in the columns. The application of GS-FeNi for antibiotic removal was further evaluated in lake water, tap water, and ground water spiked with TC, and the removal capacity achieved was found to be 781±5, 712±5, and 687±3 mg/g, respectively. This work can pave the way for treatment of antibiotics and other pollutants in the reactors using novel green composites prepared from fruit wastes.  相似文献   
9.
废弃印刷线路板碘化法浸金研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对碘化法从废弃印刷线路板中提取金的工艺设计,分别考察了碘的质量分数、n(I2)/n(I-)比值、固液比、双氧水的质量分数、pH值、浸出时间和浸出温度对金浸出率的影响。结合正交设计优化实验方法,提出了从废弃印刷线路板中碘化法浸取金的最佳工艺条件:碘的质量分数为1.1%,n(I2)∶n(I-)=1∶10,双氧水的质量分数为1.5%,浸出时间4 h,固液比为1∶10,浸出温度为常温(25℃),溶液pH值为中性,此时金浸出率可达97.5%。  相似文献   
10.
Laboratory batch and column experiments were conducted to investigate the immobilization of phosphorus (P) in soils using synthetic magnetite nanoparticles stabilized with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-NP). Although CMC-stabilized magnetite particles were at the nanoscale, phosphorus removal by the nanoparticles was less than that of microparticles (MP) without the stabilizer due to the reduced P reactivity caused by the coating. The P reactivity of CMC-NP was effectively recovered when cellulase was added to degrade the coating. For subsurface non-point P pollution control for a water pond, it is possible to inject CMC-NP to form an enclosed protection wall in the surrounding soils. Non-stabilized “nanomagnetite” could not pass through the soil column under gravity because it quickly agglomerated into microparticles. The immobilized P was 30% in the control soil column, 33% when treated by non-stabilized MP, 45% when treated by CMC-NP, and 73% when treated by both CMC-NP and cellulase.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号