壳聚糖与AM和DMDAAC接枝共聚物合成与应用研究

采用自由基溶液聚合法,以过硫酸铵为引发体系,研究了壳聚糖与丙烯酰胺和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵的接枝共聚反应。考察了反应时间、丙烯酰胺和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵质量比、总单体浓度、反应温度、引发剂浓度等条件对接枝共聚反应的影响,并用红外光谱对反应产品进行了结构表征;将接枝共聚产品进行污泥脱水,试验表明该产品能显著改善污泥的沉降和脱水性能。     

Dyes adsorption using a synthetic carboxymethyl cellulose-acrylic acid adsorbent

Removal of noxious dyes is gaining public and technological attention. Herein grafting polymerization was employed to produce a novel adsorbent using acrylic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose for dye removal. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy verified the adsorbent formed under optimized reaction conditions. The removal ratio of adsorbent to Methyl Orange, Disperse Blue 2BLN and malachite green chloride reached to 84.2%, 79.6% and 99.9%, respectively. The greater agreement between the calculated and experimental results suggested that pseudo second-order kinetic model better represents the kinetic adsorption data. Equilibrium adsorptions of dyes were better explained by the Temkin isotherm. The results implied that this new cellulose-based absorbent had the universaiity for removal of dyes through the chemical adsorption mechanism.     

离子交换膜的制备及发展趋势研究

总结当前离子交换膜制备技术的发展状况.从膜的分类及膜性能出发,讨论均相膜及异相膜的差异和今后各自的发展前景,并就提升膜单方面性能(如:选择透过性、离子交换容量、膜电阻、抗氧化性等)的方式进行归纳总结.离子交换膜的改进制备大多从结构上入手,提出今后膜制备的主要研究方向为:深化均相膜制备技术、结合国内成熟的离子交换树脂制备工艺改进异相膜的制备技术.     

柑桔高接换种技术

从品种筛选、砧穗选择、嫁接时期与方法、嫁接部位与接芽数量,以及配套管理等方面阐述了柑桔高接换种的技术.     

Improved performance of a biomaterial-based cation exchanger for the adsorption of uranium(VI) from water and nuclear industry wastewater

The amine-modified polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate (poly(HEMA))-grafted biomaterial (tamarind fruit shell, TFS) carrying carboxyl functional groups at the chain end (PGTFS-COOH) was prepared and used as an adsorbent for the removal of uranium(VI) from water and nuclear industry wastewater. FTIR spectral analysis revealed that U(VI) ions and PGTFS-COOH formed a chelate complex. The adsorption process was relatively fast, requiring only 120 min to attain equilibrium. The adsorption kinetic data were best described by the pseudo-second-order equation. The equilibrium adsorption data were correlated with the Sips isotherm model. The maximum U(VI) ions uptake with PGTFS-COOH was estimated to be 100.79 mg/g. The complete removal of 10 mg/L U(VI) from simulated nuclear industry wastewater was achieved by 3.5 g/L PGTFS-COOH. The reusability of the adsorbent was demonstrated over 4 cycles using NaCl (1.0 M) + HCl (0.5 M) solution mixture to de-extract the U(VI). The results show that the PGTFS-COOH tested is very promising for the recovery of U(VI) from water and wastewater.     

Synthesis, Characterization, and Hydrolytic Degradation of Copolymers of 2-Methylene-1,3-dioxepane with Ethylene and with Styrene

2-Methylene-1,3-dioxepane (MDP) was copolymerized with ethylene (E) at a pressure of approximately 1000 psi and a temperature of approximately 70°C with AIBN as the free radical initiator. The copolymers obtained, poly(MDP-co-E), were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy, DSC, and GPC. The copolymers contained 2–15 mol% ester units. MDP was also copolymerized with styrene (S) at 120°C with di-t-butyl peroxide as the initiator to prepare the copolymer, poly(MDP-co-S). The number-average molecular weights of both types of copolymers were in the range of 6000 to 11,000, and the weight-average molecular weights were in the range of 9000 to 17,000. The melting temperatures of poly(MDP-co-E) decreased with increasing ester unit content in the copolymer. For the MDP-S copolymers, the glass transition temperatures decreased with increasing ester unit content. Both poly(MDP-co-E) and poly(MDP-co-S) were degraded by methanolysis, and their molecular weights decreased by the expected amounts based on the ester unit content.     

三元高吸油树脂的制备及其吸油性能

采用本体聚合法,以丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、苯乙烯(St)和甲基丙烯酸十八酯(SMA)为单体,反应型低聚硅氧烷(OSS)为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂制备了三元高吸油树脂,优化了制备条件,考察了其对不同有机溶剂的吸油性能,并对其进行了表征。实验结果表明:树脂制备的优化条件为BA,St,SMA,OSS,AIBN的质量分别占单体总质量的39.60%,39.60%,20.80%,0.21%,1.50%,于55℃下反应24 h;在该优化条件下所制备的树脂对氯仿的吸油率可达80.2 g/g;树脂对氯仿和二氯甲烷的吸油率远高于其他有机溶剂。表征结果显示,树脂形成了一定的网络结构,具有较好的耐热性、耐寒性和热稳定性。     

壳聚糖-丙烯酰胺-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵三元接枝共聚物的合成及应用

在N2保护下，以硝硬驱铈铵为引发剂，将壳聚糖（CTS）、丙烯酰胺（AM）及二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（DMDAAC）接枝共聚得到CTS-AM-DMDAAC三元接枝共聚物，考察了反应条件对接枝共聚反应的影响。实验结果表明，在反应温度50℃、反应时间5-6h，m（CTS）：m（AM）：m（DMAAAC）=1：6：0.67、c（Ce^4＋）=0.8mmol/L的最佳反应条件下，接枝共聚反应的接枝率和接枝效率分别为64%和10.5%。用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对CTS-AM-DMDAAC进行了表征。絮凝实验结果表明：CTS-AM-DMDAAC对高岭土水样具有较强的絮凝能力，可在很宽的pH范围内使用。用CTS-AM-DMDAAC处理COD为165.5mg/L的啤酒生产废水，COD去除率达90.1%.     

复合混凝剂的制备及活性染料的去除

以马铃薯淀粉、丙烯酰胺（AM）和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（DADMAC）为原料进行接枝反应,将接枝产物（TSI）与聚合氯化铝铁（PAFC）复配,制得新型复合混凝剂PAFC-TS1。优化了复合混凝剂制备的工艺条件。研究结果表明,复合混凝剂PAFC-TS1的优选制备条件为：OH^-浓度与铝铁总浓度的比（r）为0.5,铝铁总浓度与TS1的质量浓度比（R_m）为0.5 mol/g,铝铁摩尔比9∶1。在此条件下处理质量浓度为100 mg/L的活性染料废水,当混凝剂投加量为24 mL/L时,染料去除率可达97%以上。相同条件下,使用PAFC-TS1比单独使用PAFC或PAFC-PAM的染料去除率更高。     

聚烯丙基磺酸钠接枝空心玻璃微珠的制备及其吸附性能研究

通过将烯丙基磺酸钠（SAS）和硅烷偶联剂接枝到空心玻璃微珠表面,制备出新型空心玻璃微珠基吸附剂（KNH-g-PSAS）并采用扫描电子显微镜,能量分散光谱,X射线光电子能谱,傅里叶变换红外光谱,热重分析和X射线衍射仪等对其进行了充分的表征,显示了SAS的成功接枝.此外,系统地研究了溶液的pH值,接触时间,初始浓度和温度对KNH-g-PSAS吸附阳离子染料的影响.准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温线模型分别很好地描述了吸附动力学和吸附等温线,表明吸附是发生在吸附剂表面且均匀的单层吸附.吸附实验表明,在最佳条件下,KNH-g-PSAS对碱性品红、金胺O、结晶紫和孔雀石绿的吸附能力分别为2247.19mg/g,2317.46mg/g,2557.54mg/g,2808.98mg/g.KNH-g-PSAS具有出色的自上浮性能和回收表现.