中国高精度温室气体排放清单编制研究进展

高精度温室气体排放清单是摸清区域碳排放来源、识别时空演变特征的数据基础,也是政府部门科学制定“减污降碳”策略、实现“双碳”目标的科技支撑。通过调研国内外组织机构、科研团队在高精度排放清单方面的成果,从核算范围、核算方法、时空化方法、评估与校验4个方面介绍了我国温室气体排放清单编制方法的研究进展。针对我国高精度温室气体排放清单研究区域分散、方法与格式不统一的问题,提出我国清单编制要逐步统筹本地化、精细化和动态化的发展建议。     

广元市房建施工扬尘排放清单研究

为了研究广元市房建施工扬尘排放特征,通过调研获取了广元市2010 ～2019年间的房建工地施工面积、抑尘措施及控制效率,按照自下而上的方法建立了房建施工扬尘排放清单,分析了2019年广元市房建施工扬尘的时空分布特征,并采用CALPUFF对广元市利州区某房建工地的排放进行了模拟.结果 表明:(1) 2010 ～2019年...     

The environmental attitudes inventory: A valid and reliable measure to assess the structure of environmental attitudes

Environmental attitudes (EA), a crucial construct in environmental psychology, are a psychological tendency expressed by evaluating the natural environment with some degree of favour or disfavour. There are hundreds of EA measures available based on different conceptual and theoretical frameworks, and most researchers prefer to generate new measures rather than organize those already available. The present research provides a cumulative and theoretical approach to the measurement of EA, in which the multidimensional and hierarchical nature of EA is considered. Reported are findings from three studies on the development of a psychometrically sound, multidimensional inventory to assess EA cross-culturally, the Environmental Attitudes Inventory (EAI). The EAI has twelve specific scales that capture the main facets measured by previous research. The twelve factors were established through confirmatory factor analyses, and the EAI scales are shown to be unidimensional scales with high internal consistency, homogeneity and high test-retest reliability, and also to be largely free from social desirability.     

“京津冀”地区煤炭相关产业链的体现能核算与政策分析

目前,我国面临的大气污染问题愈发严重,尤其在\"京津冀\"地区更为突出。而煤炭相关产业链的能源消耗结构及其污染物排放是导致此问题的重要原因之一。本研究基于2012年\"京津冀\"地区各省、市的能源平衡表,通过区域间能源调配模型,绘制了煤流和能流桑基图,厘清了\"京津冀\"地区2012年煤炭相关产业链的物质与能量走向,并运用了投入产出法系统核算了\"京津冀\"地区煤炭相关产业链的体现能与24种污染物排放量。研究结果表明:(1)\"京津冀\"地区的原煤主要依赖调运,属于净煤炭进口地区。(2)原煤的直接使用在\"京津冀\"地区的煤炭相关产业链中占有非常大比重。将体现能角度分析的结果与能量角度分析的结果对比,可以发现煤化工产业在煤炭相关产业链中的潜在能量消耗仍然具有较大的贡献。(3)焦炭是终端消费能量的主要来源,也是体现能的主要贡献源。(4)在煤炭转化能源利用效率上,\"京津冀\"地区2012年煤炭相关产业链洗选煤、煤制品加工、炼焦三个环节的效率分别为87.77%、92.46%、90.97%,稍低于中国2012年96.16%的利用效率。(5)原煤、焦炭的直接消费和炼焦过程对\"京津冀\"地区2012年煤炭相关产业链七种主要污染物的贡献率最大。为了有效减少\"京津冀\"地区煤炭相关产业链的污染物排放,需要对原煤、焦炭的直接消费和炼焦过程采取相应的减排政策和措施。本研究可以为\"京津冀\"地区煤炭相关产业链提高能源利用效率、减少体现能和污染物排放、采取改进措施提供一定的理论支持和政策建议。     

Environmental assessment of garden waste management in the Municipality of Aarhus, Denmark

An environmental assessment of six scenarios for handling of garden waste in the Municipality of Aarhus (Denmark) was performed from a life cycle perspective by means of the LCA-model EASEWASTE. In the first (baseline) scenario, the current garden waste management system based on windrow composting was assessed, while in the other five scenarios alternative solutions including incineration and home composting of fractions of the garden waste were evaluated. The environmental profile (normalised to Person Equivalent, PE) of the current garden waste management in Aarhus is in the order of −6 to 8 mPE Mg⁻¹ ww for the non-toxic categories and up to 100 mPE Mg⁻¹ ww for the toxic categories. The potential impacts on non-toxic categories are much smaller than what is found for other fractions of municipal solid waste. Incineration (up to 35% of the garden waste) and home composting (up to 18% of the garden waste) seem from an environmental point of view suitable for diverting waste away from the composting facility in order to increase its capacity. In particular the incineration of woody parts of the garden waste improved the environmental profile of the garden waste management significantly.     

Compliance and Emissions Trading under the Kyoto Protocol: Rules for Uncertain Inventories

A solution is proposed for proving compliance with emission targets and for emissions trading in the event of uncertainties in reported emission inventories. The solution is based on the undershooting concept, from which the mathematical conditions for both proving compliance with a risk α and calculating effective emissions for trading are derived. Based on the reported emission units, the number of permits granted is reduced in proportion to the uncertainty in the inventory. A country whose inventory has higher uncertainty is thereby allotted fewer permits than a country with the same inventory but smaller uncertainty.     

图书馆书库清点方法初探

图书馆藏书大多存在实物与财产登记不符的状况,如情况较为严重则会影响到图书馆流通、采访等项工作的开展,因此适时进行书库清点具有重要意义。本文以中国环境管理干部学院图书馆的清点为实例,初步探讨了将条码作为清点切入点的书库清点工作的方法、步骤和注意事项。