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1.
• Sulfidation significantly enhanced As(V) immobilization in soil by zerovalent iron. • S-ZVI promoted the conversion of exchangeable As to less mobile Fe-Mn bound As. • Column test further confirmed the feasibility of sulfidated ZVI on As retention. • S-ZVI amendment and magnetic separation markedly reduced TCLP leachability of As. In this study, the influences of sulfidation on zero-valent iron (ZVI) performance toward As(V) immobilization in soil were systemically investigated. It was found that, compared to unamended ZVI, sulfidated ZVI (S-ZVI) is more favorable to immobilize As(V) in soil and promote the conversion of water soluble As to less mobile Fe-Mn bound As. Specifically, under the optimal S/Fe molar ratio of 0.05, almost all of the leached As could be sequestrated by>0.5 wt.% S-ZVI within 3 h. Although the presence of HA could decrease the desorption of As from soil, HA inhibited the reactivity of S-ZVI to a greater extent. Column experiments further proved the feasibility of applying S-ZVI on soil As(V) immobilization. More importantly, to achieve a good As retention performance, S-ZVI should be fully mixed with soil or located on the downstream side of As migration. The test simulating the flooding conditions in rice culture revealed there was also a good long-term stability of soil As(V) after S-ZVI remediation, where only 0.7% of As was desorbed after 30 days of incubation. Magnetic separation was employed to separate the immobilized As(V) from soil after S-ZVI amendment, where the separation efficiency was found to be dependent of the iron dosage, liquid to soil ratio, and reaction time. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) tests revealed that the leachability of As from soil was significantly reduced after the S-ZVI amendment and magnetic separation treatment. All these findings provided some insights into the remediation of As(V)-polluted soil by ZVI.  相似文献   
2.
灰铸铁烘缸具有特殊的铸造结构特征与灰铸铁材质特点,其定期检验要求不同于常规焊制金属压力容器。本文结合定期检验项目要求及现场检验经验,对造纸机械用灰铸铁烘缸的宏观检验、壁厚测定、无损检测、硬度检测、安全附件及仪表、耐压试验等定期检验项目进行了检验检测要点分析与探讨。  相似文献   
3.
吴家梅  谢运河  官迪  陈山  陈锦  龙世平  纪雄辉 《环境科学》2023,44(10):5727-5736
为研究硅(Si)肥等量施用对水稻不同生育期吸收镉(Cd)和土壤Cd生物有效性的影响,采用5种不同种类的Si肥(SiO2用量为225 kg ·hm-2)开展田间小区试验.结果表明,随着水稻生育期的延长,水稻根系和茎叶的Cd含量增加;施用Si肥,不同生育期水稻根系、茎叶和籽粒Cd含量平均分别降低14.9%、28.2%和12.2%;硅钙镁铁肥(SiCaMgFe)和水溶Si肥(SiW)处理,籽粒Cd含量分别比对照处理降低21.1%(P<0.05)和21.2%(P<0.05);水稻根表铁膜中Cd含量(DCB-Cd)随着水稻生育期延长而增加,施用Si肥,水稻不同生育期DCB-Cd含量有高有低,DCB-Cd是根系Cd含量的15.8%~42.8%;与对照相比,施用Si肥水稻成熟期土壤可交换态Cd (Exc-Cd)含量平均降低36.4%,其它形态的含量平均增加12.5%~48.2%.水稻全生育期根系Cd与Si呈极显著负相关,与DCB-Cd呈极显著正相关,DCB-Cd与土壤有效态Cd和有效态Si呈极显著负相关,土壤Exc-Cd与Carb-Cd呈极显著负相关,土壤有效态Cd与pH值呈显著负相关.施用相同Si肥用量,SiCaMgFe和SiW处理降低水稻Cd含量的效果好;施用Si肥通过提高土壤pH值和土壤有效Si含量、降低土壤有效态Cd和Exc-Cd含量,促进Exc-Cd向Carb-Cd转移,减少根表铁膜对Cd的吸附,从而减少水稻对土壤Cd的吸收.  相似文献   
4.
纳米氧化镍(nNiO)作为一种广泛使用的纳米颗粒,其水生毒理效应研究还很有限。为探索n Ni O对海洋贝类的毒性机制,本研究将长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)置于不同浓度(0、1、10、100 mg·L~(-1))的n Ni O中暴露96 h,分别测定鳃和消化腺组织的丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,并通过实时荧光定量PCR技术测定了鳃和消化腺中应激蛋白HSP70和AOX基因的表达变化。结果显示:在100 mg·L~(-1)n Ni O处理下,2种组织中MDA含量均显著性升高(P0.01),显示纳米颗粒造成了长牡蛎的脂质过氧化,并可能引起相应的氧化损伤。同时,n Ni O暴露也诱导了长牡蛎抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT和POD)活性的改变。其中,SOD和CAT活性在10 mg·L~(-1)浓度处理组达到最高,而POD活性在1 mg·L~(-1)浓度组即达最高值。在高浓度n Ni O(100 mg·L~(-1))胁迫下,3种抗氧化酶的活性均比低浓度(1和10 mg·L~(-1))处理组降低,表明抗氧化酶的保护作用在较低浓度暴露下更有效;而热激蛋白(hsp70)和交替氧化酶(aox)基因却分别在长牡蛎消化腺和鳃组织中上调表达(P0.01),并表现出一定的组织差异。说明高浓度纳米颗粒暴露中主要是应激蛋白发挥了作用。本文结果为纳米氧化镍对海洋双壳贝类的毒性机制研究及生态风险评估提供了基础数据。  相似文献   
5.
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Mn掺杂钙钛矿型催化剂LaFexMn1-xO3,并以其为催化剂催化湿式双氧水氧化处理煤气化废水纳滤浓缩液。采用XRD,SEM,FTIR技术对催化剂进行了表征。表征结果显示:制备的催化剂均具有标准的钙钛矿型结构,其中,LaFe0.9Mn0.1O3的结构稳定,比表面积大。实验结果表明:制备的催化剂中LaFe0.9Mn0.1O3的催化活性最高,且稳定性好,连续使用5次后催化活性未见明显减弱;在H2O2投加量3.0 g/L、n(H2O2)∶n(LaFe0.9Mn0.1O3)=12∶1、反应温度160 ℃、反应压力1 MPa、浓缩液pH 3、反应时间60 min的最优条件下,COD、UV254和TOC的去除率分别达到80.9%、95.2%和68.0%,BOD5/COD由0.02提升至0.40,可生化性大幅提高。  相似文献   
6.
采用玉米芯为碳源,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为包埋载体,饱和硼酸(H3BO3)为交联剂,研究了硫酸盐还原菌污泥(SRBS)、铁屑、麦饭石共固处理合成煤矿酸性废水的最优配比与机理,并分析了固定化过程中小球稳定性及活性的变化规律。实验结果表明,SRBS投加量是影响处理效果的最显著因子,当投加30%SRBS、2%铁屑、3%麦饭石时SO2-4、Mn2+去除率分别为94.13%和84.39%,溶液p H为7.03,未检测出Fe2+;随着交联时间的延长,小球膨胀率及SO2-4还原率分别呈线性与指数下降,从保持小球稳定性与活性角度考虑,可将交联时间设定为4~8 h;该法可为市政污泥的处置以及生物法处理煤矿酸性废水的工程应用提供技术参考。  相似文献   
7.
采用草酸沉淀法合成了铈锰 氧化物(CeMn氧化物)催化剂,在固定床反应器中考察了不同Ce-Mn摩尔比、空速对CeMn 氧化物催化剂催化降解甲苯效果的影响,通过XRD、SEM、XPS等技术表征了催化剂的理化性质。实验结果表明:当n(Ce)∶n(Mn)=1∶3时得到的Ce1Mn3催化剂降解甲苯的活性最佳,T50=198 ℃,T90=249 ℃,且Ce1Mn3催化剂具有较好的活性稳定性;随着空速的增加,Ce1Mn3催化降解甲苯的性能变差。表征结果表明:CeMn氧化物形成的Ce-Mn固溶体使CeMn氧化物表面氧空位浓度增加,加快了氧物种在催化剂内部及表面的流动传输;Ce氧化物与Mn氧化物之间的协同作用使催化剂的还原峰向低温方向偏移,CeMn氧化物展现出更优异的低温活性。  相似文献   
8.
On-line in-tube solid phase microextraction (in-tube SPME) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was successfully applied to the determination of selected triazines in water samples. The method based on the employment of a packed column containing graphene oxide (GO) supported on aminopropyl silica (Si) showed that the extraction phase has a high potential for triazines extraction aiming to its physical-chemical properties including ultrahigh specific surface area, good mechanical and thermal stability and high fracture strength. Injection volume and loading time were both investigated and optimized. The method validation using Si-GO to extract and concentrate the analytes showed satisfactory results, good sensitivity, good linearity (0.2–4.0 µg L?1) and low detection limits (1.1–2.9 ng L?1). The high extraction efficiency was determined with enrichment factors ranging from 1.2–2.9 for the lowest level, 1.3–4.9 intermediate level and 1.2–3.0 highest level (n = 3). Although the analytes were not detected in the real samples evaluated, the method has demonstrated to be efficient through its application in the analysis of spiked triazines in ground and mineral water samples.  相似文献   
9.
采用自燃烧法制备了一组钙钛矿型复合氧化物La_(0.8)Ce_(0.2)Fe_(1-x)Co_xO_3(x=0.9,0.7,0.5,0.3,0.1),并考察了其对CO、C_3H_6和NO的三效催化活性。XRD和SEM表征结果显示,La_(0.8)Ce_(0.2)Fe_(1-x)Co_xO_3具有良好的钙钛矿型晶体结构,晶粒大小为纳米级并自组装成片状结构。催化剂的比表面积为14.73~22.43 m~2/g,含有微孔和介孔结构。催化活性评价结果表明:La_(0.8)Ce_(0.2)Fe_(0.1)Co_(0.9)O_3具有很好的三效催化活性,在理论空燃比的条件下,CO、C_3H_6和NO的起燃温度分别为195℃、264℃和290℃,完全转化温度分别为239℃、418℃和415℃,低温三效催化活性良好;Fe和Co的掺杂量同时影响着La_(0.8)Ce_(0.2)Fe_(1-x)Co_xO_3的催化效果。  相似文献   
10.
Spherical TiO2 nanoparticles (npTiO2) were prepared by controlled hydrolysis of tetraethoxy orthotitanate under a nitrogen atmosphere. ZnO nanoparticles (npZnO) were prepared using hydrothermal methods. The crystal structure, chemical, thermal and morphological properties of npZnO and npTiO2 were characterised using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer, enery-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope techniques. The short- and long-term experiments were started with neonates taken from the same culture and laboratory condition. In the acute experiments, npTiO2, npZnO, and cocktail concentrations were applied. 96h-LC50 values were 1.8, 0.7, and 0.1?mg?L?1, respectively (p?<?.05). For the chronic experiments, different npTiO2 concentrations were performed. 21d-LC50 value was 1.0?mgL?1 (p?<?.05). Morphometry became progressively worse in concentrations of more than 1?mgL?1 npTiO2. Neonate and young individuals were more sensitive to death because of their low tolerance. This result was affected by population progeny and growth rates (p?<?.05). While control and 0.5?mgL?1 npTiO2 groups were determined as growing population, 1.5 and 2?mgL?1 npTiO2 groups had decreased population size as R0 values. Consequently, the relationships between nanoparticle accumulation within Daphnia magna and its population structure and body morphometry for each concentration were important indicators. Its tolerance level to nanoparticles under laboratory conditions reflected its replacement and behaviour in the ecosystem.  相似文献   
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