Critical review for the quantification of leachate production: Evaluation example for the “Oum Azza” public landfill in Rabat city,Morocco

The estimation of leachate quantities produced in landfills is necessary to dimension the treatment plants allowing to reduce the polluting load of these effluents and consequently avoid their negative impacts on the environment. Different leachate quantification methods were used in this study to assess the leachate volume produced at the Oum Azza landfill. The water balance method give comparable estimations of leachate production to the Ouled Berjal landfill ratio. The first method showed average values between 487 and 495 m³/day for 2015, 2018, and 2019, and at the same time, the second method gave values between 470 and 477 m³/day for the same years. In contrast, the World Bank ratio showed high values that vary between 2260 and 2295 m³/day for 2015, 2018, and 2019. The on-site data and the statistical analysis showed us that the World Bank ratio is not adapted for the estimation of the leachates produced in Oum Azza landfill, while the water balance and the ratio of Ouled Berjal landfill allowed to give comparable results to reality.     

The formation of aerobic granular sludge for the treatment of real landfill leachate using a granular sequencing batch reactor at a constant volume

Leachate generated in a landfill may not be treated by conventional biological treatment due to its nature and complexity. The process of forming aerobic granules in batch sequencing reactors having features such as; reducing the settling process time and saving energy consumption and high decomposition rate have been noticed by researchers. In the present study, the structure of sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) was evaluated for the formation of granules, which were subsequently utilized for the treatment of landfill leachate. The experiment was initiated by using the GSBR, containing 1200 ml with different apparatuses, to develop granular sludge, and synthetic wastewater was added to reinforcement. The selected parameters for the operational hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the wastewater (6-h cycles) included feeding, idle, aeration, settling, and discharge. Furthermore, the controlled conditions were the dissolved oxygen (DO) range of 2–2.2 mg/L, temperature range of 20–23℃, and pH of 7.5–8.3. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), and sludge volume index (SVI) daily were measured at the influent and effluent of GSBR reactor. The main properties of aerobic granular sludge were identified during the research procedures, and the remarkable settling and potent, high-density microbial structure of the granules were confirmed. The mean size of the formulated granules was estimated at 7.46 ± 1.8 mm, and the volume of the biomass also increased from approximately 1607 to 4137 mg/L through the granulation process. Moreover, 98% of the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) could be removed by the formulated granular sludge, and the final-stage organic loading rate was estimated at 5.65 COD/m³/day. According to the results, GSBRs could be employed for the formulation of aerobic granular sludge for the treatment of landfill leachate.     

石灰法在延吉市污水处理厂污泥半干化处置中的应用

城市污水处理厂污泥经过半干化处置,使污泥含水率下降到60％,以满足国家新的垃圾填埋场卫生填埋的要求,这是一个新课题。利用石灰法进行延吉市污水处理厂污泥半干化处置,能够以较小的投资及较低的运行费用实现污泥半干化,为实现城市污水处理厂污泥半干化处置探索出新途径。     

垃圾渗滤液处理工艺的应用及分析

垃圾渗滤液是一种高浓度的有机废水,如何对其进行有效处理是垃圾填埋场面临的一个难题。介绍了UASB厌氧处理工艺、氨吹脱工艺、光催化技术等垃圾渗滤液的处理工艺,并对比了不同工艺的处理效果。     

销毁日本遗弃在华化学武器危险废物填埋场的安全选址

危险废物填埋场的安全选址是销毁日本遗弃在华化学武器工作中的一项重要的技术工作。本文依据我国环境保护的法律法规及标准,并采用科学的方法对危险废物填埋场址的选择进行了论述和评价,即:首先通过分析场址选择的影响因素,制定出科学、合理、可行的场址选择技术方案;然后再按优劣顺序对拟选的5个填埋场进行科学评价;最后选出最优的填埋场。     

上海城市生活垃圾处置现状及发展方向

分析上海生活垃圾的特点和处理处置现状,对处理处置现状存在的问题进行了分析说明。分类收集要实行日常化,无害化处理水平有待提高,焚烧造成了严重的二次污染,要加强对渗滤液的处置,并且末端处置技术中填埋处置比例过高。同时提出了生活垃圾处置的技术路线和发展方向,要以无害化、减量化、资源化为处理目标。要求巩固和完善生活垃圾卫生填埋技术,谨慎发展生活垃圾焚烧技术,充分重视生活垃圾生化处理技术,多元并举走可持续发展之路。     

泥炭预处理吸附垃圾渗滤液中的COD

通过对泥炭改性去除水中COD进行了试验研究。探讨了磷酸、硫酸、盐酸、硝酸和氢氧化钠对COD去除效果的影响和吸附机理。结果表明,在酸、碱改性过程中,用5%的硫酸改性的泥炭去除COD的效果最佳,改性泥炭用量为每10 g/100 mL,吸附时间为60 min,pH为10的试验条件下,COD的去除率为68.5%以上,磷酸较硫酸次之,去除率为55%左右,而盐酸和硝酸较差分别为45%和38%,氢氧化钠为40%左右。并对其吸附机理进行了研究,其吸附等温线符合Freundlich型。通过扫描电镜观察泥炭表面的结构,硫酸改性后的泥炭表面结构比较粗糙,比表面积最大,与实验结果相吻合。用原子吸收法对泥炭处理前后的水样进行比较,表明泥炭对重金属也有很好的去除率。本研究为泥炭利用提供了可借鉴的思路。     

回流对陈垃圾生物反应器处理老年渗滤液污染物影响

为了研究回流对陈垃圾反应器处理老年渗滤液污染物的影响,构建了回流的陈垃圾生物反应器,试验了不同温度、负荷和回流比条件下反应器对污染物的去除效果。结果表明,在较低水力负荷12.8~25.5 L/(d.m2)的情况下,陈垃圾反应器对NH3-N、BOD5和COD等污染物的去除率分别达到90%、95%和70%以上。在不同温度下提高水力负荷,回流会抑制氨氮和COD的去除,但可显著提高TN的去除率,表明回流可作为提高老年渗滤液TN去除率的途径之一。利用氮同位素示踪技术发现反应器中有Anammox脱氮途径存在。但是可利用碳源的缺乏仍是提高老年渗滤液脱氮效率的限制因子。     

垃圾填埋场中真细菌群落16S rRNA基因的分析

回灌式垃圾填埋场渗滤液中真细菌群落的多样性同样通过不依赖于微生物培养的分析而获得。利用特异性的引物对,选择性地扩增渗滤液DNA中的真细菌16S rRNA基因片断(16S rDNA),并用于构建16S rDNA克隆文库。文库内真细菌16S rDNA的遗传多样性通过限制片断长度多态性分析(RFLP,限制性内切酶Hin PII和Msp I)而获得。初步的结果表明,随机选出的200个真细菌克隆子被分为147个不同的RFLP型(组),当中丰度最高的两个型均仅含有9个克隆子,两者共占所有被分析克隆子的不到10%;克隆子数≥2的型共有21个(包括以上2个丰度最高的型),它们共代表74个克隆子,占所有被分析克隆子的37%;而剩下的126个型均只含有1个克隆子,它们共占整个基因文库的63%。由此可见,李坑垃圾渗滤液中的真细菌具有非常复杂的群落结构。     

某危险废物填埋场地下水污染预测及控制模拟

以某危险废物填埋场为研究对象,在收集其水文地质资料基础上,运用Visual Modflow建立填埋场地下水水流和溶质运移耦合模型,对填埋场防渗层发生渗漏后,渗滤液中Cr6+在地下水中的运移过程以及地面硬化、防渗墙和排水沟3种污染控制措施对污染羽阻隔效果进行模拟预测.结果表明,Cr6+随地下水流方向运移形成污染羽,10 a后污染羽到达水塘边界,运移距离约为1 450 m,但随后10～20 a之间污染羽扩散范围没有明显扩大;地表硬化后,20 a内污染羽未扩散至水塘边界;防渗墙设置到上层含水层底部时,监测井Cr6+浓度高于未设置防渗墙时浓度,设置到下层含水层底部时,Cr6+浓度与设置于上层含水层时监测结果相反;排水沟日排水量达到2 642 m3时能有效控制污染羽扩散,20 a后污染羽尚未污染监测井;地表硬化与排水沟组合控制污染物扩散,效果最佳,同时排水沟日排水量可减少为1 878 m3.因此,当填埋场发生渗漏时,建议采用设置排水沟与周边地表硬化组合的地下水污染控制措施.