Fuelwood assessment at micro-watershed level in Northeast Himalaya:a case study in Manipur,India

Fuelwood is one of the major sources of energy in the domestic sector across the rural areas,especially in the developing regions across the world.The Northeastern Himalayan state of Manipur is dominated by the tribal population that largely depends on fuelwood from the nearby forest area.The entire dependence on forests for energy resources is affecting the sustainability of the forest ecosystem in the region,thus indicating the livelihood conditions.Since land-use land-cover change is the key driver to the change in resource availability of a region,the present study has tried to analyze the landcover changes over a period 28 years.The second major component affecting resource availability is the increasing population pressure that leads to changes in the land dynamics,which directly affect the resource production.Based on the existing consumption pattern,the total consumption of fuelwood in the watershed ranges fiom a minimum of 289.992 tons/year to a maximum of 3545.719 tons/year with an average of 1561.956 tons/year in the year 2009 and simulated fuelwood consumption for the year 2021 is around 1469.260 tons/year.Nine different probable scenarios of resource are proposed to calculate the stress value that can be used by the policy-makers and planners for suitable policy implementation at the micro level with a complex social system.     

Fuelwood assessment at micro-watershed level in Northeast Himalaya: a case study in Manipur,India

Fuelwood is one of the major sources of energy in the domestic sector across the rural areas, especially in the developing regions across the world. The Northeastern Himalayan state of Manipur is dominated by the tribal population that largely depends on fuelwood from the nearby forest area. The entire dependence on forests for energy resources is affecting the sustainability of the forest ecosystem in the region, thus indicating the livelihood conditions. Since land-use land-cover change is the key driver to the change in resource availability of a region, the present study has tried to analyze the land-cover changes over a period 28 years. The second major component affecting resource availability is the increasing population pressure that leads to changes in the land dynamics, which directly affect the resource production. Based on the existing consumption pattern, the total consumption of fuelwood in the watershed ranges from a minimum of 289.992 tons/year to a maximum of 3545.719 tons/year with an average of 1561.956 tons/year in the year 2009 and simulated fuelwood consumption for the year 2021 is around 1469.260 tons/year. Nine different probable scenarios of resource are proposed to calculate the stress value that can be used by the policy-makers and planners for suitable policy implementation at the micro level with a complex social system.     

红壤丘陵区小流域典型土地利用的面源氮磷输出特征

科学识别不同土地利用方式下的径流污染输出特征是治理流域面源污染的前提.以南方红壤丘陵地区小流域为例,野外实地观测对比了不同降雨特征下林地、种植用地和建设用地的水文过程和面源污染物输出过程.结果表明,土地利用方式影响着地表径流的水文水质过程,典型降雨下3类用地类型产流时间及产流累积雨量的特征为：建设用地（9 min,2.0 mm）、种植用地（35 min,11.4 mm）和林地（108 min,24.0 mm）;而3种用地类型的总悬浮物（TSS）、总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）的污染物浓度、形态、氮磷比变化及输出强度等污染输出过程特征也呈现明显差异.典型降雨下不同用地类型具有相似的污染输出阶段,径流初期的TSS、TN和TP质量浓度均偏高,之后逐步趋于稳定;产流过程的前30 min贡献TSS、TN及TP负荷的范围均在23%~43%之间.年尺度下,各用地类型对TN和TP负荷的贡献率及单位面积负荷比存在明显差异,表现为种植用地污染负荷贡献最高（57%和45%）,而建设用地单位面积负荷比最高（9.50~12.50）.结果亦表明小流域面源污染关键源区的分布具有时空动态变化特征,由汇水单元内的用地类型组成和年降雨特征等综合决定;随着次降雨量的增加,主要贡献源由建设用地向种植用地动态转变,治理时需要根据关键源区的分布特征及下垫面产流过程规律进行针对性生态拦截.     

遥感与地理信息系统对资源利用热点地区的初步应用——-以印度北部山地小流域为例

资源利用与资源退化在时间及空间领域上的表现有所分异。识别出那些受人为干扰严重且易于发生资源退化的区域(资源利用的热点地区),对这些区域给予重视并采取特殊的管理机制以避免资源的进一步退化和环境的恶化,对资源的可持续利用具有重要的现实意义。论文以印度北部山地小流域的研究为例,根据当地实际情况,选取4个参数作为评价指标,即资源利用的重要性、资源的需求程度、资源利用的可获取性以及人类活动造成的景观生态学的干扰指数,利用遥感技术和地理信息系统对资源利用热点地区的识别进行了初步探讨。通过研究,将该流域划分为3种区域,即高度敏感区、中度敏感区和低敏感区,分别体现了不同的资源退化在空间上的分布。