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排序方式: 共有130条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
• Selective molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) binding gel was prepared. • MIP-DGT showed excellent uptake performance for antibiotics. • In situ measurement of antibiotics in wastewaters via MIP-DGT was developed. • The MIP-DGT method was robust, reliable, and highly sensitive. Urban wastewater is one of main sources for the introduction of antibiotics into the environment. Monitoring the concentrations of antibiotics in wastewater is necessary for estimating the amount of antibiotics discharged into the environment through urban wastewater treatment systems. In this study, we report a novel diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) method based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for in situ measurement of two typical antibiotics, fluoroquinolones (FQs) and sulfonamides (SAs) in urban wastewater. MIPs show specific adsorption toward their templates and their structural analogs, resulting in the selective uptake of the two target antibiotics during MIP-DGT deployment. The uptake performance of the MIP-DGTs was evaluated in the laboratory and was relatively independent of solution pH (4.0–9.0), ionic strength (1–750 mmol/L), and dissolved organic matter (DOM, 0–20 mg/L). MIP-DGT samplers were tested in the effluent of an urban wastewater treatment plant for field trials, where three SA (sulfamethoxazole, sulfapyridine, and trimethoprim) and one FQ (ofloxacin) antibiotics were detected, with concentrations ranging from 25.50 to 117.58 ng/L, which are consistent with the results measured by grab sampling. The total removal efficiency of the antibiotics was 80.1% by the treatment plant. This study demonstrates that MIP-DGT is an effective tool for in situ monitoring of trace antibiotics in complex urban wastewaters.  相似文献   
2.
Among the separation techniques used in industries, the triboelectric separation of insulating particles using a rotary tube is an effective way employed in the waste recovery of plastic and mineral products. This process, also called free-fall triboelectric separation, is widely used for the sorting of granular mixtures resulting from industrial plastic wastes. Given that the robustness of such a separation process is an important issue, a standard procedure is used for determining the set point and for minimising the process sensitivity of sorting mixed particles of different polymers to changes in the values of some critical factors. The aim of this paper was to analyse the efficiency of the triboelectric separation process of polymers with respect to any slight variation in the values of the most significant factors. Experiments with a sample of high-density polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride plastic granules were carried out on a laboratory experimental bench. Several one-factor-at-a-time experiments, followed by two factorial designs (one composite and the other fractional), were performed based on the following experimental procedure: (1) determination of the variation limits of the input variables; (2) identification of the set point and (3) robustness testing of the process, i.e. testing whether the performance of the system remains high even when the factors vary slightly around the set point.  相似文献   
3.
本文研究了不同吸水倍率的高分子吸水树脂的相变温度、相变潜热及作为蓄冷材料在35℃环境下的相变时间,并与冰做了对比。结果显示:吸收不同倍率水的高分子树脂。相变温度和相变潜热基本与水相似,随着吸水倍率的增加,相变潜热越接近于水的潜热;在相同条件下放置于隔冷袋中的高分子吸水树脂.在35℃高温环境中,可以维持20℃以下低温5h,比冰多了将近1h,克服了渗漏的缺点,在蓄冷领域表现出了明显的优势。  相似文献   
4.
A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for atrazine was synthesized by non-covalent method. The binding capacity of MIP was 1.00 mg g? 1 polymer. The selectivity and recovery were investigated with various pesticides which are mostly, found in the environment, for both similar and different chemical structure of atrazine. The competitive recognition between atrazine and structurally similar compounds was evaluated and it was found that the system provided highest recovery and selectivity for atrazine while low recovery and selectivity were obtained for the other compounds. The highest recovery was obtained from MIP compared with non-imprinted polymer (NIP), a commercial C18 and a granular activated carbon (GAC) sorbent. The method provided high recoveries ranged from 94 to 99% at two spiked levels with relative standard deviations less than 2%. The lower detection limit of the method was 80 ng L? 1. This method was successfully applied for analysis of environmental water samples.  相似文献   
5.
以壳聚糖(CTS)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、活性炭(C)为基材,Cu(Ⅱ)为印迹离子,制备了CTS/PVP共混印迹球[Cu(Ⅱ)-IICP]和CTS/PVP/C共混印迹球[Cu(Ⅱ)-IICPC].以Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附量作为评价指标,对两种共混印迹球的制备条件进行了优化.研究结果表明,当CTS/PVP的质量比为6∶4,活性炭质量分数为0.6%,Cu(Ⅱ)模板剂质量分数为0.05%,所制备的两种共混印迹球吸附性能较佳,且对Cu(Ⅱ)有较好的选择吸附性.物理吸附分析结果表明,与未印迹相比印迹材料的比表面积明显增大.FTIR谱图分析,Cu(Ⅱ)模板主要与CTS和PVP中的—NH2和—OH发生了配位作用.XRD谱图分析结果表明,CTS与PVP、C、Cu(Ⅱ)之间发生了相互作用,改变了CTS原有的晶体结构,使其结晶度降低.  相似文献   
6.
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), as a potential persistent organic pollutant, has been widely detected in water environments, and has become a great concern in recent years. PFOS is very stable and difficult to decompose using conventional techniques. Sorption may be an attractive method to remove it from water. In this study, the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) adsorbents were prepared through the polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine under different preparation conditions in order to remove perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) from water. The MIP adsorbents using perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as the template had good imprinting effects and could selectively remove PFOS from aqueous solution. The sorption behaviors including sorption kinetics, isotherms, and effect of pH, salt, and competitive anions were investigated. Experimental results showed that the sorption of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents was very fast, pH-dependent, and highly selective. The achieved fast sorption equilibrium within 1 h was attributed to the surface sorption on the fine adsorbents. The sorption isotherms showed that the sorption selectivity of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents decreased at high PFOS concentrations, which may be due to the double-layer sorption and the formation of PFOS micelles on the sorbent surface. The sorption of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents was mainly dominated by the electrostatic interaction between the protonated vinylpyridine on the adsorbent surface and the anionic PFOS. The prepared MIP adsorbents can potentially be applied in water and wastewater treatment for selective removal of PFOS.  相似文献   
7.
周魁  杨明  马晶  孙倩 《环境工程学报》2012,6(4):1220-1224
以微米级聚苯乙烯微球为种球,活性艳橙K-7R为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,采用单步溶胀聚合法在水相中制得了分子印迹聚合物微球(MIPs),并用平衡吸附实验研究了其吸附性能。通过Scatchard分析,结果表明,MIPs在识别K-7R过程中存在两类结合位点,高亲和力结合位点的平衡离解常数Kd1=14.855μmol/L,最大结合量Qmax1=1.282μmol/g;低亲和力结合位点的平衡离解常数Kd2=70.939μmol/L,最大结合量Qmax2=3.930μmol/g。该MIPs对K-7R有较高的亲和性和选择性。  相似文献   
8.
利用反复冻融的方法对污泥细胞进行破碎,考察处理前后污泥重金属的浸出浓度和形态分布的变化,并通过扫描电镜和红外光谱分析污泥中微生物细胞形貌和有机化合物含量的变化.结果显示,经过细胞破碎处理后,污泥中重金属的浸出浓度增大,锌、镍、铬、镉和铜的浸出浓度比原始污泥分别增加了9.7%、5.1%、25%、9%和50%.不稳定态增加,锌和镍的不稳定态分别增加了20.4%和37.9%,锌、镍、铬和铜的有机态分别减少了4.2%、8.2%、1.2%和5.1%.细胞发生了形貌上的变化,细胞体破碎程度严重.细胞EPS以及污泥中的蛋白质、羧酸、多聚糖等有机基团含量明显减少.细胞破碎后污泥浸出浓度增加的主要原因是污泥中有机态的重金属转化成了其他不稳定态的重金属.  相似文献   
9.
传统工艺的塑料生产不仅依赖石油资源的持续开发利用,同时给环境造成了前所未有的压力,近年来生物基聚合物(聚(3-羟基-3-戊酸酯)-PHBV,聚乳酸-PLA)日渐成为传统石油基塑料的替代产品.本文采用呼吸测试手段,旨在揭示均质复合材料在不同环境介质(土壤、熟化堆肥、水体)条件下及有机添加剂(木质素),无机添加剂(蒙脱石)和天然有机物链增长剂(Joncryl)作用下的生物降解特征.结果表明:当链增长剂Joncryl添加量为5%时,对所有介质PHBV和PLA复合材料产生显著抑制作用.Joncryl添加量为0.2%时,未对所测样品的生物降解行为产生干扰作用.在熟化堆肥介质中,PLA复合材料比PHBV基质混合物的生物降解速率明显降低.有机木质纤维添加剂(榛子壳粉末)单独在聚合物中添加或者和链增长剂Joncryl以及非有机添加剂(Dellite72T)共同作用下都可促进PLA聚合物中各组分的相容连接性.实验结果表明,新型添加剂在不同介质中以二元或三元添加的方式对生物降解过程产生重要影响,该研究将为新型材料使用后的生物降解效应提供理论依据.  相似文献   
10.
在饮用水输配系统中,来源于管壁生物膜的有机物可能耗氯并生成消毒副产物(DBPs),包括二氯乙腈(DCAN)与二氯乙酰胺(DCAcAm)等高毒性含氮DBPs(N-DBPs).研究考察管网常见的细菌与其胞外聚合物(EPS)以及模拟管壁生物膜氯化与氯胺化后DCAN与DCAcAm的生成,并与天然有机物(NOM)和水源水有机物进行比较.结果显示,铜绿假单胞菌、恶臭假单胞菌与藤黄微球菌与氯反应生成的DCAN、DCAcAm浓度分别为1.48~2.02、0.21~0.38μg·mg~(-1)(mg~(-1)以TOC计),高于同反应条件下NOM的生成量;相比于氯化反应,3株细菌细胞氯胺化生成的DCAN与DCAcAm浓度明显更低.3株菌的EPS也是氯与氯胺化反应生成DCAN与DCAcAm的前体物,且其氯胺化反应生成的DCAcAm浓度高于氯化反应生成的.与NOM、水源水相比,模拟管壁生物膜氯化后生成的N-DBPs与三氯甲烷(TCM)浓度比更高,表明生物膜有机物比NOM与水源水有机物更倾向生成DCAN与DCAcAm类N-DBPs,且模拟管壁生物膜氯胺化的DCAcAm生成量高于氯化反应的,说明管壁生物膜有机物是供水管网系统中DCAN与DCAcAm类N-DBPs的重要前体物.  相似文献   
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