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Bacterial systems have not had success predicting metal carcinogenicity. Hypotheses explaining this failure are examined. Using a broad genetic endpoint, λ prophage induction, under sub‐toxic growing conditions, genotoxicity is seen for compounds of chromium, manganese, lead, molybdenum and tungsten. Copper, manganese, arsenic and molybdenum compounds enhanced UV mutagenesis in E. coli WP2. The toxicity of metal compounds to cultured mammalian cells correlates well with rat oral LD50 values. Whereas insolubility can present problems in bacterial studies, concentrations of metal compounds toxic to mammalian cells can be determined even in the presence of precipitate, and sometimes [Pb(NO3)2, BaCl2 and BeCl2] occurs only in its presence. PbS and MnS, which are insoluble, are much more toxic than the more soluble compounds Pb(NO3)2 and MnCl2. These results demonstrate the importance of cellular phagocytosis of insoluble metal compounds as a factor in studying the toxicity and genotoxicity of metal compounds. 相似文献
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活性炭-纳滤膜工艺去除饮用水中总有机碳和Ames致突变物 总被引:17,自引:2,他引:15
分别以地表水和地下水为水源的水厂出水为研究对象 ,探讨活性炭 纳滤膜工艺对饮用水中总有机碳和Ames致突变物的去除效果及机理 .结果表明 ,活性炭的吸附作用受其本身性质和有机物特性影响较大 ,去除能力有限 ,但它可作为纳滤的预处理 ,确保膜进水符合要求 ;纳滤则可将水中总有机碳和Ames致突变物大部分去除 ,使TA98及TA100菌株在各试验剂量下的MR值均小于 2 ,Ames试验结果均完全呈阴性 ,确保了饮用水的安全性 .两者的组合是获得优质饮用水的有效处理工艺 . 相似文献
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IdentificationandmechanismofformationofcertainmutageniccomponentsinthevolatilecondensatesfromoxidizedandheatededibleoilsBaoZi... 相似文献
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Genotoxicity of atmospheric air was studied in Syktyvkar for three years (1995–1997) using the test of somatic mutations inTradescantia (clone 02) stamen hairs. The data obtained indicate local air pollution in the city. The tested samples of snowmelt, where
Ni+ and Zn2+ ions were the main pollutants, had a high teratogenic effect on stamen hairs. The somatic mutation rate similar to that in
the control group was obtained in the experiment with only one sample, in which the total content of metal ions was the lowest. 相似文献
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A new approach for isolation and identification of elecrtophilic mutagens from complex matrix was developed.Thiosulfonic anion was immobilized onto polystyrene beads and used as separation media.Potassium polystyryl-thiosulfonate,prepared from polystyryl- sulfonyl chloride and KHS,was observed to selectively react with model electrophilic mutagens such as alkyl halides,α-chloroketones andα-chloroesters to produce polystyryl-thiosulfonic esters.After separation from other nonreactive organic compounds,the beads then reacted with ethanethiol to produce unsymmetrical ethyl disulfides which are easily detected by GC/MS.For one mutagenic compound,only one unsymmetrical disulfide was found to contain its structure part.Thus,the structure of the parent mutagens could be deduced from that of the unsymmetrical disulfides.The degree of functionaiization of the potassium polystyryl-thiosulfonate resin was 1.11 mmol/g.Its reactivity was discussed and its recycling method was reported here. 相似文献
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纳滤膜组合工艺去除饮用水中可同化有机碳和致突变物 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
分别以太湖水和淮河水为水源的两地水厂出厂水为研究对象,研究纳滤膜组合工艺对饮用水中可同化有机碳和致突变物的去除效果。研究表明,纳滤膜对可同化有机碳的去除率为80%,能确保饮用水的生物稳定性。对致突变物的去除率大于90%。使Ames实验结果由阳性转为阴性。对两地不同原水均能生产出安全优质的饮用水。 相似文献
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应用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术监测环境致突变物的研究进展 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
杨积晴 《环境监测管理与技术》1997,9(1):16-18
综述了国内外应用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术检测环境突变物的研究。表明:蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术经济,简单,可靠且实验条件要求不高,应予推广使用。对该技术存在的一些问题也应引起注意,需进一步深入研究。 相似文献
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