The Impact of Agriculture On Dissolved Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycling in Temperate Ecosystems

Although most research has focussed on inorganic nutrient forms of nitrate (NO^-₃) and phosphorus (PO³₄) in runoff and receiving waters, nitrogen loss from agricultural land can also occur in organic and ammonium-nitrogen form; phosphorus losses, although often dominated by particulate transport, may occur in soluble organic and inorganic form. Furthermore, fluxes between different species may take place during transport from the land to the stream and as a result of in-stream, in-river or in-lake transformations. Knowledge of the spatial and temporal variation in all nitrogen species and phosphorus fractions in a drainage basin is therefore essential if the wider environmental significance of elevated nutrient concentrations in natural waters are to be assessed. This paper reviews recent work on N and P losses from agricultural land and presents some results from two intensive agricultural catchments: Slapton, Devon and the river Windrush catchment in the Cotswolds.     

上海市大气中NMHC,NOx,O3和SO2变化规律

通过对上海市大气中光化学主要污染物如ＮＭＨＣ、ＮＯｘ、Ｏ３及ＳＯ２等的日变化监测，发现ＮＯｘ、Ｏ３的日浓度变化与气象条件密切相关，高浓度Ｏ３多出现在晴朗少云，气温较高的大气条件下同步监测发现，Ｏ３与ＮＯｘ呈负相关，相关系数ｒ＝－０．７８５；ｄｍｊ ＳＯ２ｇｎ ＮＭＨＣｅ ｔｖｅ ｖｂ ｒ ｇｈｄ ｓｈ ｕｄ ，ｓｈ ｕｄ ｔｘｉ ｏｖｔ ｒ＝     

Simultaneous determination of dissolved organic nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate and ammonia using size exclusion chromatography coupled with nitrogen detector

Accurate quantification of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) has been a challenge due to the cumulative analytical errors in the conventional method via subtracting dissolved inorganic nitrogen species (DIN) from total dissolved nitrogen (TDN). Size exclusion chromatography coupled with an organic nitrogen detector (SEC-OND) has been developed as a direct method for quantification and characterization of DON. However, the applications of SEC-OND method still subject to poor separations between DON and DIN species and unsatisfied N recoveries of macromolecules. In this study, we packed a series of SEC columns with different lengths and resin materials for separation of different N species and designed an independent vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) oxidation device for complete oxidation converting N species to nitrate. To guarantee sufficient N recoveries, the operation conditions were optimized as oxidation time ≥ 30 min, injection mass (sample concentration × injection volume) < 1000 µL × mg-N/L for macromolecular proteins, and neutral pH mobile eluent. The dissolved O₂ concentration in SEC mobile phase determined the upper limit of VUV oxidation at a specific oxidation time. Compared to conventional HW50S column (20 × 250 mm), HW40S column (20 × 350 mm) with mobile phase comprising of 1.5 g/L Na₂HPO₄·2H₂O + 2.5 g/L KH₂PO₄ (pH = 6.85) could achieve a better separation of DON, nitrite, nitrate, and ammonia. When applied to river water, lake water, wastewater effluent, groundwater, and landfill leachate, the SEC-OND method could quantify DON as well as DIN species accurately and conveniently even the DIN/TDN ratio reached 0.98.     

玉溪市环境空气质量及污染物分布状况研究

分析了2002年玉溪市各县区县城环境空气质量状况和污染特征 提出应采取措施,减轻SO2,对城市大气的污染。     

京津地区能源、大气污染物扩散对区域元素循环的作用

对京津区域１９８０－１９９２年间能源利用状况进行分析，并通过模式计算该区域大气污染物的扩散规律，结果表明，大气污染物随能源利用增加而增加，其增加速率ＮＯｘ大于ＯＳ２，经预测，至２００４年京津地区ＳＯ２排放量增咖１１．４０％，ＮＯｘ增加５６．８０％，由于气象和地形条件所致，该区域内不利于大气污染物远距离输送，这使箱型区域内物料平衡计算可以简化。     

浅谈我国室内环境污染的来源、危害及防治现状

分析了我国室内环境主要污染物的来源，以及这些污染物给人们带来的危害；并阐述了目前我国室内环境保护方面的现状及对策。     

高效液相色谱在环境监测中的应用

论述了高效液相色谱法适于环境样品中分子量大、挥发性低、热稳定性差的有机污染物的分析与分离。参阅了国内外文献，例举了用高效液相色谱法测定环境样品中多环芳烃、酚类、多氯联苯、酞酸酯类、联苯胺类、阴离子和非离子表面活性剂、有机农药等有机污染物的测定条件及分离结果。     

低温高铁锰氨氮地下水两级生物净化快速启动

为了实现东北地区低温（5~6℃）高铁、锰、氨氮（TFe：9~15mg/L，Fe²⁺：6~12mg/L，NH₃-N：1.4~2.0mg/L，Mn²⁺：1.4~2.0mg/L）地下水的净化及解决同层净化中运行稳定性差、出水锰超标的问题，在水厂净化车间开展“两级曝气+两级过滤”工艺启动研究，采用差滤速和同滤速2种启动方式分别启动两级生物净化工艺.结果表明，2种启动方式分别在106，59d启动成功.同滤速启动可以有效的缩短两级生物净化的启动时间，铁、锰、氨氮去除负荷可达110.69，18.80，19.54g/（m²·h），沿程分析发现，铁在一级滤柱的60cm处即被去除至痕量；85.08%的氨氮在一级滤柱中去除，沿程各段去除均匀，14.92%的氨氮在二级滤柱中去除；锰的去除率和氧化活性去除区位受滤速及进水氨氮浓度影响较大，33.72%的锰在一级滤柱中去除，66.28%的锰在二级滤柱中去除，锰的去除仍然是滤池成熟的决定性因素.     

废水中优先控制污染酚的HPLC分离-电化学检测

研究了 HPL C分离 -安培法检测四种优先控制污染酚的色谱条件。在 Shim- pack CL C- ODS柱上 ,以 0 .1mol/L Na H2 PO4 +0 .0 5 mm ol/L EDTA· 2 Na+1% CH3 COOH(p H3.0 ) +5 0 % CH3 OH作流动相 ,氧化电位 +1.0 V检测。工作曲线的线性范围在 0～ 30μg/ml,检测限达 ng/m l     

生物陶粒流化床-污泥滤层脱氮工艺的试验研究

采用生物陶粒流化床-污泥滤层工艺对含氮有机废水处理进行试验研究,研究结果表明:系统内可固着生长不受抑制的硝化菌种群,氨氮去除率可以达到93%￣95%;三相分离区形成稳定的污泥滤层,可使总氮去除率得以显著提高;当HRT为1.5h,曝气量为0.25m3/h,BOD容积负荷为9.2～10.4BOD5/m3.d,总氮容积负荷0.65kgTN/m3.d条件下,可得到BOD5的去除率85%,总氮去除率74%的处理效果。